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REPUBLIC OF KENYA



MODEL PRODUCTION SHARING CONTRACT



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Clause



PART I - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

1 - Scope and interpretation.



PART II - TERM, EXPLORATION, OBLIGATIONS AND TERMINATION

2 - Term.

3 - Surrender.

4 - Minimum exploration work and expenditure obligations.

5 - Surface fees

6 - Termination



PART III - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATION OF THE CONTRACTOR

7 - Rights of the contractor.

8 - General standards of conduct.

9 - Joint liability and indemnity.

10 - Wells and surveys.

11 - Offshore operations.

12 - Fixtures and installations.

13 - Local employment and training.

14 - Data and samples.

15 - Reports.

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PART IV - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATION OF THE GOVERNMENT

16 - Rights of the Government.

17 - Obligations of the Government.



PART V - WORK PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

18 - Exploration work programme.

19 - Discovery and evaluation work programme.

20 - Development plan and development work programme.

21 - Unitization.

22 - Marginal and non-commercial discoveries.

23 - Natural gas.

24 - Production levels and annual production programme.

25 - Measurement of Petroleum.

26 - Valuation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas.



PART VI - COST RECOVERY, PETROLEUM SHARING MARKETING AND

PARTICIPATION

27 - Cost recovery, production sharing and income tax.

28 - Government Participation.

29 - Domestic consumption.



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PART VII - BOOKS, ACCOUNTS, AUDITS, IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND FOREIGN

EXCHANGE

30 - Books, accounts and audits.

31 - Preference to Kenyan goods and services.

32 - Exports and imports.

33 - Exchange and currency controls.



PART VIII - GENERAL

34 - Payments.

35 - Assignment.

36 - Manager, attorney and joint operating agreement.

37 - Confidentiality.

38 - Force majeure.

39 - Waiver.

40 - Governing law.

41 - Arbitration.

42 - Notices.

43 - Headings and amendments.

APPENDICES

"A" The contract area.

"B" Accounting procedure.

"C" Participation agreement.

"D" Performance Bond.

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PRODUCTION SHARING CONTRACT

BETWEEN

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA

AND

…………………………………………………………………………

This CONTRACT, is made and entered into on the ….......……..., 19

……......... by and between the Government of the Republic of Kenya

(hereinafter referred to as the "Government") represented for the purpose of this

contract by the Minister for the time being responsible for energy (hereinafter

referred to as the "Minister") and

………. , incorporated under the laws of ……………..and having established a

place of business at ………………………., Kenya (hereinafter referred to as the

"Contractor").

(Note: to be amended in case of a contractor consisting of several entities)

The Government and the Contractor herein are referred to either

individually as "Party" or collectively as "Parties".

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS the title to all petroleum resources existing in their natural

conditions in Kenya is vested in the Government; and

WHEREAS the Government wishes to promote and encourage the exploration

and the development of petroleum resources in and throughout the Contract Area; and

WHEREAS the Contractor desires to join and assist the Government in

accelerating the exploration and development of the potential petroleum

resources within the contract area: and

WHEREAS the Contractor has the financial ability, technical

competence and professional skills necessary to carry out the petroleum

operations hereinafter described; and

WHEREAS in accordance with the Petroleum (Exploration and

Productio n) Act (Cap 308) laws of Kenya, 1986, enacted by the Parliament of

the Republic of Kenya, agreements, in the form of production sharing contracts,

may be entered between the Government and capital investors;

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NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the undertaking and covenants

herein contained, the Parties hereby agree as follows:



PART I



SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

1 SCOPE

This contract is a production sharing contract, in accordance with the provisions

herein contained.

The Contractor shall (a) be responsible to the Government for the execution of the petroleum

operations contemplated hereunder in accordance with the provisions of this

contract and is hereby appointed and constituted the exclusive legal entity to

conduct petroleum operations in the contract area for the term hereof;

(b) provide all capital, machinery, equipment, technology and personnel

necessary for the conduct of petroleum operations;

(c) bear the risk of petroleum costs required in carrying out petroleum

operations and shall therefore have an economic interest in the development of

the petroleum deposits in the contract area. Such costs shall be included in

petroleum costs recoverable as provided in clause 27 hereof.

During the term of this contract, the total production achieved in the conduct of

the petroleum operations shall be divided between the parties hereto in

accordance with the provisions of clause 27 hereof.

2. INTERPRETATION

In this contract, words in the singular include the plural and vice versa,

and except where the context otherwise requires:

"accounting procedure" means the accounting procedures and

requirements set out in Appendix "B" attached hereto and made an integral part

hereof;

"the Act" means the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act;

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"affiliate" means a person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled

by or under direct or indirect common control with another person, and "control"

means the ownership of at least fifty percent (50%) of voting rights in that

person;

"barrel" means a quantity consisting of 158.987 litres at standard

atmospheric pressure of 1.01325 bars and temperature of fifteen degrees

centigrade (15 C);

"calendar quarter" or "quarter" means a period of three (3) consecutive

months commencing with the first day of January, April, July and October;

"calendar year" means a period of twelve (12) consecutive months

commencing with the first day of January in any year and ending the last day of

December in that year, according to Gregorian calendar;

"commercial discovery" means a discovery of petroleum which has been

duly evaluated in accordance with the provisions of clause 19, and which can be

produced commercially according to good international petroleum industry

practice, after the consideration of all pertinent technical and economic data;

"commercial production" means the quantity of petroleum produced on a

regular basis from a commercial discovery, saved and not used in petroleum

operations;

"Constitution" means the Constitution of the Republic of Kenya;

"contract area" means the area covered by this contract, and described in

Appendix "A" and any part thereof not previously surrendered;

"contract year" means twelve (12) consecutive calendar months from the

effective date or from the anniversary thereof;

"contractor" means the contractor, its successors or any assignee or

assignees of any interest of the contractor under this contract, provided that the

assignment of any such interest is accomplished pursuant to the provisions of

clause 35 hereof;

"crude oil" means all hydrocarbons regardless of gravity which are

produced at the wellhead in liquid state at atmospheric pressure, asphalt

ozokerites and the liquid hydrocarbons known as distillates or natural gas liquids

obtained from natural gas by condensation or extraction;

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"development area" means the area delimited in a development plan

adopted under clause 20 hereof;

"effective date" means the date falling ninety days after this contract is

executed by the Government and the contractor;

"exploration operations" include geological and geophysical surveys and

analyses, aerial mapping, investigations of subsurface geology, stratigraphic test

drilling exploratory wells, and work necessarily connected therewith;

"exploratory well" means a well drilled in search of petroleum to test a

geological feature which has not been determined to contain petroleum in

commercial quantities;

"fiscal year" means a period of twelve (12) consecutive months

corresponding to the year of income as defined in the Income Tax Act of Kenya;

"Income Tax Act" means the Income Tax Act, as from time to time

amended;

"LIBOR" means London InterBank Offered Rate of interest on six (6) months United

States dollars deposit quoted at 11 a.m. by the National Westminister Bank Plc, or any

other bank agreed by the parties on the first banking day of each month for which

interest is due;

"maximum efficient rate" means the rate at which the maximum ultimate

economic petroleum recovery is obtained from a commercial field without

excessive rate of decline in reservoir pressure, and consistent with good

international petroleum industry practice;

"Minister" means the Minister for the time being responsible for energy

or his designated representative;

"Ministry" means the Ministry for the time being responsible for energy

or its designated representative;

"natural gas" means hydrocarbons that are in a gaseous phase at

atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure, including wet mineral gas,

dry mineral gas, casinghead gas and residue gas remaining after the extraction or

separation of liquid hydrocarbons from wet gas, and non-hydrocarbon gas

produced in association with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons;

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"petroleum" means crude oil and natural gas;

"petroleum costs" means expenditure made and obligations incurred and

paid by the contractor in carrying out petroleum operations hereunder,

determined in accordance with the accounting procedure attached hereto in

Appendix "B" and made a part hereof;

"petroleum operations" means all or any of the operations, authorised

under this contract, related to the exploration for, development, extraction,

production, separation and treatment, storage, transportation, and sale or disposal

of, petroleum up to the point of export, or the agreed delivery point in Kenya or

the point of entry into a refinery, and includes natural gas processing operations

but does not include petroleum refining operations;

"Regulations" means the Petroleum (Exploration and Production)

Regulations;

"semester" means a period of six (6) consecutive months, commencing

with the first day of January or the first day of July of a calendar year.

PART II

TERM, EXPLORATION OBLIGATIONS AND TERMINATION

2. TERM

(1) The contractor is authorized to conduct exploration operations within

the contract area during an initial exploration period of …………. contract years

from the effective date.

(2) The contractor shall begin exploration operations within three (3)

months of the effective date.

(3) Upon written application by the contractor made not later than one (1)

month prior to the expiry of the initial exploration period, the Minister shall, if

the contractor has fulfilled his work and expenditure obligations under this

contract, grant a first additional exploration period of …………… contract years.

(4) Upon written application by the contractor made not later than one (1)

month prior to the expiry of the first additional exploration period hereof, the

Minister shall, if the contractor has fulfilled its work and expenditure obligations

under this contract, grant a second additional exploration period of ………….

contract years.

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(5) In order to enable the contractor to complete the drilling and testing of

an exploratory well actually being drilled or tested at the end of the second

additional exploration period, the Minister shall, on written application by the

contractor made not later than three (3) months before the expiry of that

exploration period, unless another period of notice is agreed, extend the period in

which the work is to be expeditiously completed, which in any event shall not

extend such period by more than four (4) months.

(6) This contract shall expire automatically at the end of the initial

exploration period or of any additional exploration period, except as to any

development area. If the contractor reports, pursuant to sub-clause 19 (6) hereof,

that a commercial discovery has been made before the expiry of the initial

exploration period stipulated in sub-clause 2 (1) hereof or any additional

exploration period thereof, this contract shall not expire in respect to the relevant

development area, but shall continue as to such development area for a term of

………… years from the date the development plan for that development area is

adopted under sub-clause 20 (3) hereof.

3. SURRENDER

(1) The contractor shall surrender:

(a) ……… per cent (……%) of the original contract area at or before the

end of the initial exploration period

(b) ……. Per cent (…..%) of the original contract area at or before the

end of the first additional exploration period.

(2) When calculating a surrender under sub-clause 3 (1), a development

area shall be excluded from the original contract area.

(3) The contractor may surrender a part of the contract area and such a

voluntary surrender shall be credited against the next surrender obligation of the

contractor under sub-clause 3 (1).

(4) The shape and size of an area surrendered shall be approved by the

Minister, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.



(5) The contractor shall give one (1) year's written notice of surrender in

respect of a commercial discovery which is producing or has produced petroleum

and one (1) month written notice of surrender in respect of any other part of the

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contract area. In case of a surrender of the entire contract area the contract shall

terminate.

(6) No surrender shall reduce the minimum amount of exploration work

and expenditure fixed in clause 4.

4. MINIMUM EXPLORATION WORK AND EXPENDITURE OBLIGATIONS

(1) The contractor shall carry out the following minimum work and

expenditure obligations (a) during the initial exploration period of ….. ….contract years (i) …….km of seismic with a minimum expenditure of U.S dollar

………;

(ii) Drilling of …………….exploratory wells to a minimum depth of

…… meters per well with a minimum expenditure of US dolar

……. for each well

(b) during the first additional exploration period of ……….contract years:

(i) drilling of …… exploratory well to a minimum depth of …….

meters per well with minimum expenditure minimum

expenditure U.S dollars……………. for each well;;

(c) during the second additional exploration period of …… contract years (i) drilling of one ……. exploratory wells to a minimum depth of

…………. meters per well with a minimum expenditure of U.S.

dollars ……… for each well;

(2) The fulfillment of any minimum work obligation shall not relieve the

contractor of the corresponding expenditure obligation therein and vice versa.

(3) If the drilling of an exploratory well is discontinued, prior to reaching

the minimum depth herein specified, because that well has encountered the

basement, an impenetrable substance or any condition which in accordance with

the good international petroleum industry practice would make it unsafe or

impractical to continue drilling, the minimum depth obligation in respect of that

well shall be deemed to be fulfilled.

A well drilled to evaluate a discovery under an evaluation work

programme pursuant to sub-clause 19 (2) and 19 (3) shall not have to satisfy the

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requirement to drill an exploratory well, except with the written consent of the

Minister.

(4) The minimum exploration expenditure set forth in sub-clause 4 (1) is

expressed in …………………..U.S. dollars of the year of the effective date. In

any contract year of either the initial exploration period or any additional

exploration period, for the purpose of comparison of the actual costs incurred and

paid by the contractor with the minimum exploration expenditure, the actual

costs incurred and paid by the contractor for seismic operations and the drilling

of exploratory wells during that contract year shall be converted into constant

U.S. dollars by dividing the costs, by the number (hereinafter referred to as the

"discount rate") which is the sum of one (1) and the decimal equivalent of the

percentage increase in the United States Consumer Price Index, as reported for

the first time in the monthly publication "International Finance Statistics" of the

International Monetary Fund, between the month of the effective date and the

month when such costs were incurred.

(5) If during either the initial exploration period or the first additional

exploration period, the contractor exceeds the minimum work obligation or

incurs expenditure in accordance with sub-clause 4 (4) exceeding the minimum

expenditure obligations for such exploration period, then such excess may be

credited toward the respective obligation of the next succeeding additional

exploration period or periods.

(6) On or before the commencement of the initial exploration period or of

any additional exploration period the contractor shall provide a security, in form

acceptable to the Minister, guaranteeing the contractor's minimum work and

expenditure obligations under sub-clause 4 (1) hereof.

(7) If at the end of either the initial exploration period or of any additional

exploration period or upon the date of termination of this contract, whichever

occurs first, the contractor has not fulfilled its minimum work obligations under

sub-clause 4 (1) hereof, and/or its minimum expenditure obligations under subclause 4 (1) and 4 (4) hereof, the contractor shall pay the Government the

minimum monetary obligation in respect of the work not carried out multiplied

by the discount rate, as defined in sub-clause 4 (4) and calculated on the last

month of that exploration period, and/or the shortfall, if any, between the amount

expended, in accordance with sub-clause 4 (4) and the minimum monetary

obligation for that exploration period, multiplied by the discount rate, as defined

hereabove.

5. SURFACE FEES

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(1) The contractor shall pay, on or before the beginning of the relevant

contract year to the accounting officer of the Ministry, the following

surface fees;

- U.S dollars ………… per hectare per year for the initial exploration

period

- U.S dollars ………. per hectare per year for the first additional

exploration period; and

-U.S dollars ……. per hectare per year for the second additional

exploration period or any extension thereof

.

(2) The surface fees shall be calculated on the basis of the surface area of

the contract area on the date those payment are due.

(3) A fee payable under sub-clause 5(1) is not refundable and a late

payment shall attract interest in accordance with sub-clause 34(2)



6. TERMINATION

(1) The Minister may terminate this contract by giving the contractor

written notice, if the contractor (a) fails to make any payment to the Government or the Minister required

under this contract for a period exceeding one (1) month;

(b) is in material breach of any other obligation under this contract; or

(c) becomes insolvent, makes a composition with creditors, or goes into

liquidation other than for reconstruction or amalgamation.

(2) The period of notice in respect of sub-clause 6 (1) (a) hereof shall be

one (1) month, and in any other case three (3) months, but if the contractor

remedies the breach within the period of notice, the Minister shall withdraw the

notice. Where the Minister reasonably believes the contractor is using its best

efforts to remedy the default, the Minister may extend the notice, accordingly.



(3) When this contract is terminated or expires in whole or in part, the

contractor shall conclude the petroleum operations in the area as to which this

contract has terminated or expired in an orderly manner minimising harm to the

Government and third parties.

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(4) Where control over one of the entities constituting the contractor is

changed, the continuation of the contract shall be subject to the consent of the

Minister, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, and for the purpose of this

sub-clause 6 (4) the term "control" shall have the same meaning as set forth in

the definition of an affiliate in clause 2.

PART III

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR

7. RIGHTS OF THE CONTRACTOR

(1) The contractor shall have the right to carry out the petroleum

operations within the contract area, subject to the provisions of this contract for

the term hereof.

(2) The contractor is granted the right to enter upon the contract area and

conduct petroleum operations there, but permission may be granted to other

persons to search for and mine minerals, other than petroleum, so long as they do

not unreasonably interfere with the petroleum operations, and easements and

rights of way may be granted to other persons for the benefit of land adjacent to

the contract area.

(3) The Minister shall obtain on behalf of the contractor any permit

necessary to enable the contractor to use the water in the contract area for the

purpose of the petroleum operations but the contractor shall not unreasonably

deprive the users of land, domestic settlement or cattle watering place of the

water supply to which they are accustomed.

(4) The contractor may, for the purpose of the petroleum operations, use

gravel, sand, clay and stone in the contract area but not in (a) Trust land without a licence granted under section 37 of the Trust

Land Act.;

(b) other private land without the consent of the owner; and

(c) a beach, foreshore or reef without the consent of the Minister.

(5) Subject to the provisions of section 10 of the Act and of regulation 6

of the Regulations made thereunder, and subject to the provisions of sections 115

and 118 of the Constitution and Part IV of the Trust Land Act, the contractor may

exercise all rights granted to him by this contract.

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8. GENERAL STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

(1) The contractor shall carry out the petroleum operations diligently and

in accordance with good international petroleum industry practice.

(2) In particular, the contractor shall (a) ensure that all machinery, plant, equipment and installations used by

the contractor in connection with the petroleum operations are of proper and

accepted construction and are kept in good repair;

(b) use the resources of the contract area as productively as possible and

ensure that petroleum discovered and produced, or mud or any other fluids or

substances do not escape or waste;

(c) prevent damage to adjacent strata which bear petroleum or water, and

prevent water entering through wells into strata bearing petroleum, except where

water injection methods are used for secondary recovery operations;

(d) properly confine petroleum in receptacles constructed for that

purpose, and not place crude oil in an earthen reservoir except temporarily in an

emergency; and

(e) dispose of waste oil, salt water and refuse in accordance with good

international petroleum industry practice, avoiding pollution.

9. JOINT LIABILITY AND INDEMNITY

(1) Where a contractor consists of more than one person their liability

shall be joint and several.

(2) The contractor shall cause as little damage as possible to the surface

of a contract area and to trees, crops, buildings and other property thereon, shall

forthwith repair any damage caused, and shall pay reasonable compensation for

any loss suffered.



(3) The Minister may, if he has reasonable cause to believe that the

petroleum operations may endanger persons or property, cause pollution, harm

marine life or interfere with navigation and fishing, order the contractor to take

reasonable remedial measures or order the contractor to discontinue the relevant

petroleum operations until such measures, or mutually agreed alternatives

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thereto, are implemented.

(4) The contractor shall maintain appropriate and adequate third party

liability insurance and workmen's compensation insurance and shall provide the

Minister with evidence of those insurances before the petroleum operations

begin.

(5) The contractor shall indemnify, defend and render the Government

harmless from all claims and damage which, but for the conduct of petroleum

operations by the contractor or sub-contractor, would not have arisen or occurred.

10. WELLS AND SURVEYS

(1) Unless such a notice is waived, the contractor shall not drill a well or

borehole or recommence drilling after a six (6) months' cessation without thirty

(30) days' prior notification to the Minister which notice shall set forth the

contractor's reasons for undertaking such well and shall contain a copy of the

drilling programme.

(2) The design of a well or borehole and the conduct of drilling shall be

in accordance with good international petroleum industry practice.

(3) No borehole or well shall be drilled so that any part thereof is less

than five hundred (500) metres from a boundary of the contract area, without the

consent in writing of the Minister, which consent shall not be unreasonably

withheld.

(4) The contractor shall not, except where there is danger or a risk of

significant economic loss (a) abandon a well or remove any permanent form of casing therefrom,

without giving forty-eight (48) hours prior notification to the Minister, and an

abandoned well shall be securely plugged to prevent pollution, sub-sea damage,

or water entering or escaping from the strata penetrated; or



(b) commence drilling, re-enter or plug a well unless a representative of

the Minister has been given a reasonable opportunity to be present.

(5) The contractor shall state, in its application to abandon a well on land,

whether that well is capable of providing a water supply.

(6) The contractor shall, within two (2) months of termination or expiry

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of this contract or the surrender of part of the contract area, deliver up all

productive wells, in said surrendered area, in good repair and working order

together with all casings and installations which cannot be moved without

damaging the well, but the Minister may require the contractor to plug the well at

the contractor's expense by notifying the contractor within thirty (30) days after

such termination or expiry is effected or at least three (3) months prior to

surrender of a development area.

(7) Where the contractor applies to permanently abandon an exploratory

well in which petroleum of potentially commercial significance has not been

found, the Minister may request the contractor to deepen or sidetrack that well

and to test the formations penetrated as a result of such operations, or to drill

another exploration well within the same prospect area, subject to the following

provisions;

(a) Any such additional petroleum operations shall be at the sole cost,

risk and expense of the Minister and shall be paid for in accordance with the

accounting procedure. The Government shall advance to the contractor the funds

necessary to conduct the operations.

(b) The contractor shall not undertake such additional work if it will

interfere with the conduct of the contractor's petroleum operations or if it is not

technically or operationally feasible.

(c) In the event that the petroleum operations undertaken under this subclause 10 (7) result in a discovery which the contractor elects to evaluate and/or

develop as a commercial field, the contractor shall reimburse the Government

……….. per cent (………%) of the costs and expenses incurred by the

Government for the conduct of the operations and such sum shall be paid within

thirty (30) days of the notification made by the contractor. If the contractor does

not make such election, the Government shall have the right to continue the

petroleum operations on this discovery at the sole cost, risk and expense of the

Government.

(8) The contractor shall give the Minister thirty (30) days; notice of any

proposed geophysical survey, which notice shall contain complete details of the

programme to be conducted. At the request of the contractor, the Minister may

waive the notice period.



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11. OFFSHORE OPERATIONS

(1) The contractor shall ensure that works and installations erected

offshore in Kenya's territorial waters and exclusive economic zone shall be (a) constructed, placed, marked, buoyed, equipped and maintained so that

there are safe and convenient channels for shipping;

(b) fitted with navigational aids approved by the Minister;

(c) illuminated between sunset and sunrise in a manner approved by the

managing director, Kenya Ports Authority; and

(d) kept in good repair and working order.

(2) The contractor shall pay compensation for any interference with

fishing rights caused by the petroleum operations.

12. FIXTURES AND INSTALLATIONS

(1) With the written consent of the Minister, which consent shall not be

unreasonably withheld, the contractor shall have the right to construct roads, drill

water wells and to place fixtures and installations necessary to conduct the

petroleum operations, including but not limited to storage tanks, shipment

installations, pipelines, cables or similar lines, located inside or outside the

contract area. The consent of the Minister may be conditional on the use by other

producers of the excess capacity, if any, of those facilities. Where the Minister

and contractor agree that a mutual economic benefit can be achieved by

constructing and operating common facilities, the contractor shall use its best

efforts to reach agreement with other producers on the construction and operation

of such common facilities.

(2) Other producers may only use the facilities of the contractor where

there exists excess capacity and on payment of a reasonable compensation which

includes a reasonable return on investment to the contractor and provided the use

does not unreasonably interfere with the contractor's petroleum operations.



(3) The Minister may consent to the laying of pipelines, cables and

similar lines in the contract area by other persons, but those lines shall not

unreasonably interfere with the petroleum operations of the contractor.



18



(4) On termination or expiration of this contract or surrender of part of

the contract area, the contractor shall remove the above-ground plant, appliances

and installations from the contract area or the part surrendered other than those

that are situated in or related to a development area or, at the option of the

Minister, the contractor shall transfer them, at no cost, to the Government, in the

condition that they are then in.

(5) When the rights of the contractor in respect of a development area

terminate, expire or are surrendered, the contractor shall transfer to the

Government, at no cost, the plant, appliances and installations that are situated in

the development area or that are related thereto, unless such plant, appliances and

installations are or may be utilised by the contractor in petroleum operations

under this contract, but the Government may require the contractor to remove the

surface installations at the cost of the contractor.

13. LOCAL EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING

(1) The contractor, its contractors and sub-contractors shall, where

possible, employ Kenya citizens in the petroleum operations, and until expiry or

termination of this contract, shall train those citizens. The training programme

shall be established in consultation with the Minister.

(2) In addition to the obligation under sub-clause 13 (1) and commencing

on the effective date, the contractor shall for the purposes of section 11 of the Act

contribute or hold to the order of the Ministry a minimum of ……….. thousand

U.S dollars per year for the Ministry training fund established under section 11

(1) of the Act. The contractor's obligation hereunder shall be increased to a

minimum of …………thousand U.S. dollars per year commencing with the

adoption of the first development plan under sub-clause 20 (3).

14. DATA AND SAMPLES

(1) The contractor shall keep logs and records of the drilling, deepening,

plugging or abandonment of boreholes and wells, in accordance with good

international petroleum industry practice and containing particulars of (a) the strata and sub-soil through which the borehole or well was drilled;

(b) the casing, tubing and down-hole equipment and alterations thereof,

inserted in a borehole or well;

(c) petroleum, water, workable mineral or mine workings encountered;

and

(d) any other matter reasonably required by the Minister.

19



(2) The contractor shall record, in an original or reproducible form of

good quality, and on seismic tapes where relevant, all geological and geophysical

information and data relating to the contract area obtained by the contractor and

shall deliver a copy of that information and data, the interpretations thereof and

the logs and records of boreholes and wells, to the Minister, in a reproducible

form, as soon as practicable after that information, those interpretations and those

logs and records come into the possession of the contractor.

(3) The contractor may remove, for the purpose of laboratory

examination or analysis, petrological specimens or samples of petroleum or

water encountered in a borehole or well and, as soon as practicable shall, without

charge, give the Minister a representative part of each specimen and sample

removed, but no specimen or sample shall be exported from Kenya without prior

notification to the Minister.

(4) The contractor shall keep records of any supply information

concerning the petroleum operations, reasonably requested by the Minister, if the

data or information necessary to comply with the request are readily available.

15. REPORTS

(1) The contractor shall supply to the Minister daily reports on drilling

operations and production operations, and weekly reports on geophysical

operations.

(2) The contractor shall report in writing to the Minister the progress of

the petroleum operations according to the following schedule (a) within one (1) month of the last day of March, June, September and

December, covering the previous three (3) months;

(b) within three (3) months of the last day of December, covering the

previous year;

(c) within three (3) months of the date of expiry or termination of this

contract.

(3) A report under sub-clause 15 (2) shall contain, in respect of the period

which it covers (a) details of the petroleum operations carried out and the factual

information obtained;

(b) a description of the area in which the contractor has operated;

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(c) an account of the expenditure on petroleum operations in accordance

with the accounting procedure;

(d) a map indicating all boreholes, wells and other petroleum operations;

(e) on expiry or termination of this agreement details of the petroleum

operations including all the matters described in paragraphs (a) to (d); and

(f) all information required by clause 14 not hitherto supplied.

PART IV

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND THE MINISTER

16. RIGHTS OF THE GOVERNMENT

(1) The Government may acquire a part of the contract area for a public

purpose other than searching for or extracting petroleum but not to the extent that

will prevent the carrying out of petroleum operations within the contract area,

and the Government shall not, without good cause, acquire a part of the contract

area on which petroleum operations are in progress.

The contractor shall not carry out petroleum operations on such an

acquired part but may (a) enter upon that part but not materially interfere with the public

purpose; and

(b) carry out directional drilling from an adjacent part.

(2) The Minister, or a person authorized by him in writing, may at all

reasonable times inspect any petroleum operations, and any records of the

contractor relating thereto, and the contractor shall provide, where available,

facilities similar to those applicable to its own or to sub-contractors' staff for

transport to the petroleum operations, subsistence and accommodation and pay

all reasonable expenses directly connected with the inspection.

(3) The Minister may require the contractor to perform an obligation

under this contract by giving reasonable written notice, and if the contractor fails

to comply with the notice, the Minister may execute any necessary works for

which the contractor shall pay forthwith. The Minister may give notice to execute

works at any time but not later than three (3) months after the termination or

21



expiry of this contract or the surrender of a part of the contract area.

17. OBLIGATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT

(1) The Government may, at the request of the contractor, make available

to the contractor such land as the contractor may reasonably require for the

conduct of petroleum operations and (a) where the land is Trust Land, the Government shall, subject to subclause 17 (2) set apart such Trust Land in the contract area in accordance with the

Trust Land Act and Chapter IX of the Constitution;

(b) where the land is private land, the Government may, subject to section

10 of the Act, acquire the land in accordance with the applicable laws;

(c) the contractor shall pay or reimburse the Government any reasonable

compensation that may be required for the setting apart, use or acquisition of any

land for the petroleum operations.

(2) Where the contractor has occupied Trust Land for the purpose of the

petroleum operations before that land has been set apart, the contractor shall

notify the Minister in writing of the need to set apart such land before the end of

the two-year period referred to in section 115 of the Constitution.

(3) The Government shall grant or cause to be granted to the contractor,

its contractors and sub-contractors such way-leaves, easements, temporary

occupation or other permissions within and without the contract area as are

necessary to conduct the petroleum operations and in particular for the purpose of

laying, operating and maintaining pipelines and cables, and passage between the

contract area and the point of delivery of petroleum.

(4) The Government shall at all times give the contractor the right of

ingress to and egress from the contract area and the facilities wherever located for

the conduct of petroleum operations.



(5) Subject to the usual national security requirements and the

Immigration Act and Regulations of Kenya in particular, the Government shall

not unreasonably refuse to issue and/or renew entry permits for technicians and

managers employed in the petroleum operations by the contractor or its subcontractors and their dependants.

PART V

22



WORK PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

18. EXPLORATION WORK PROGRAMME

(1) The contractor shall submit and orally present to the Minister one (1)

month after the effective date, detailed statement of the exploration work

programme and budget for the first contract year.

(2) The contractor shall submit and orally present to the Minister three (3)

months before the end of each contract year, a detailed statement of the

exploration work programme and budget for the next contract year.

(3) The Minister may submit to the contractor, within thirty (30) days of

the receipt of the annual exploration work programme and budget, suggested

modifications and revisions thereof. The contractor shall consider the inclusion

of such suggested modifications and revisions in light of good international

petroleum industry practice and shall provide the Minister with the exploration

work programme and budget which the contractor has adopted.

(4) After the adoption of the annual exploration work programme and

budget, the contractor may make changes to that annual exploration work

programme and budget if those changes do not materially affect the original

objectives of that exploration work programme and budget, and shall state the

reasons for those changes to the Minister.

19. DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION WORK PROGRAMME

(1) The contractor shall in accordance with section 9 (b) of the Act, notify

the Minister of a discovery of petroleum and shall report to the Minister all

relevant information.

(2) If the contractor considers that the discovery merits evaluation, it shall

submit and orally present to the Minister a detailed statement of the evaluation

work programme and budget which shall provide for the expeditious evaluation

of the discovery and the provisions of sub-clauses 18 (3) and 18 (4) shall apply to

the evaluation work programme and budget.

(3) After the evaluation work programme and budget have been adopted,

the contractor shall diligently evaluate the discovery without undue interruption.

(4) In the event of a discovery in the last year of the second additional

exploration period, the Minister shall, at the request of the contractor, extend the

23



term of the second additional exploration period in respect to the prospective area

of the discovery and for the period of time reasonably required to expeditiously

complete the adopted evaluation work programme and budget with respect to

such discovery and to determine whether or not the discovery is commercial but

in any event, such extension to the second additional exploration period shall not

exceed ……………………… months.

(5) The contractor shall, not more than three (3) months after the

evaluation is completed, report to the Minister the commercial prospects of the

discovery, including all relevant technical and economic data.

(6) If the contractor reports under sub-clause 19 (5) that the discovery is a

commercial discovery, a development plan shall be submitted to the Minister

within six (6) months of the completion of the evaluation work programme

unless otherwise agreed, and upon written application of the contractor, the term

of this contract shall be extended by the Minister, if necessary, in respect of the

area of that commercial discovery, provisionally established in accordance the

adaptation of a development plan.

20. DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND DEVELOPMENT WORK PROGRAMME

(1) The contractor shall prepare, in consultation with the Minister, the

development plan based on sound engineering and economic principles and in

accordance with good international petroleum industry practice and considering

the maximum efficient rate of production appropriate to the commercial

discovery.

(2) The development plan submitted by the contractor to the Minister

shall contain (a) details of the proposed development area, relating to the commercial

discovery which shall correspond as closely as possible to the extension of the

discovered accumulation in the contract area, as determined by the analysis of all

the relevant available information;

(b) proposals relating to the spacing, drilling and completion of the wells

and the facilities and installations required for the production, storage and

transportation of petroleum;

(c) a production forecast and an estimate of the investment and expenses

involved; and

(d) an estimate of the time required to complete each phase of the

24



development plan.

(3) The Minister and the contractor shall jointly consider the development

plan within sixty (60) days of submission thereof and the Minister may within

that period , unless otherwise agreed, submit suggested modifications and

revisions thereof. The contractor shall consider the inclusion of such suggested

modifications and revisions in the light of good international petroleum industry

practice, and the development plan shall be adopted sixty (60) days after receipt

by the contractor of those suggested modifications and revisions, unless another

development plan is adopted by mutual agreement before that period has elapsed.

Where the Minister proposes no modifications and revisions, the

development plan of the contractor shall be adopted sixty (60) days after its

submission unless it is adopted by mutual agreement before that period has

elapsed.

(4) After a development plan has been adopted, the contractor shall use

its best efforts to proceed, promptly and without undue interruption, to

implement the development plan in accordance with good international

petroleum industry practice. Development work shall commence six (6) months

of the date of adoption of the development plan.

In connection therewith, the contractor shall submit and orally present to

the Minister, prior to the first day of October of each year following the adoption

of the development plan, a detailed statement of the annual development work

programme and budget for the next calendar year and the provisions of subclauses 18 (3) and 18 (4) shall apply to the development plan and to the annual

development work programme and budget.

(5) Where the development operations result in an extension to the area

to which the commercial discovery relates within the contract area, the Minister

shall adjust the relevant development area to include that extension as

determined by the analysis of all the relevant available information.

21. UNITISATION

(1) Where the recoverable reserves of a commercial discovery extend into

an area adjacent to the contract area, the Minister may require the contractor to

produce petroleum therefore in co-operation with the contractor of the adjacent

area. Where non-commercial deposits of petroleum in the contract area if

exploited with deposits in an area adjacent to the contract area, would be

commercial, the Minister may make a similar requirement to the contractor of

that adjacent area.

25



(2) If the Minister so requires, the contractor shall in co-operation with

the contractor of the adjacent area, submit within six (6) months, unless

otherwise agreed, a proposal for the joint exploitation of the deposits, for the

approval of the Minister.

(3) If the proposal is not submitted or approved, the Minister may prepare

his own proposal, in accordance with good international petroleum industry

practice, for the joint exploitation of the recoverable reserves, the Minister's

proposal unless another proposal is mutually agreed, shall be adopted by the

contractor, subject to sub-clause 21 (4), and subject to the adjacent contractor's

acceptance of the same proposal. The reasonable costs of preparing the proposal

shall be divided equally between the contractor and the adjacent contractor.

(4) The provisions of the proposal for joint exploitation shall prevail over

this contract, where those provisions do not reduce the financial benefits to the

parties under this contract.

22. MARGINAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL DISCOVERIES

(1) Where a contractor determines that a discovery is marginal or noncommercial, the contractor may propose a modification to this contract, based on

an alternative economic evaluation and after consideration the Minister may

accept or reject the proposed modification.

(2) Unless otherwise agreed, if the contractor fails to commence the

evaluation of a discovery within ….…….. years following the notice of

discovery, or if within …………year following the completion of an evaluation

work programme the contractor considers the discovery does not merit

development, the Minister may request the contractor to surrender the area

corresponding to such discovery and the contractor shall forfeit any rights

relating to any production therefrom. The area subject to such surrender shall not

exceed the extension of the discovered accumulation as determined by the

structural closure of the prospective horizon and all other relevant available

information. Any such surrender by the contractor shall be credited in accordance

with sub-clause 3 (3) hereof.

23. NATURAL GAS

(1) Where natural gas is discovered and the contractor and the Minister

agree that it may be economically processed and utilised other than in secondary

recovery operations, that processing and utilisation shall follow a development

plan approved in accordance with clause 20.

26



(2) The contractor shall return associated natural gas, not required for use

in petroleum operations or sold, to the subsurface structure, but if such natural

gas cannot be economically used or sold or returned to the subsurface structure,

the contractor shall, after expiry of sixty (60) days' notice to the Minister giving

reasons why such natural gas cannot be economically used or sold or returned to

the subsurface structure, be entitled to flare such associated natural gas in

accordance to good international petroleum industry practice. Notwithstanding

anything in this clause to the contrary, associated natural gas may be flared at any

time if necessary for the conducting of well and production tests and during any

emergency.

(3) Where the contractor does not consider that it is economical to

process and utilise associated natural gas and where that natural gas is not

required for use in petroleum operations, the Minister may at the field separator,

process and utilise that natural gas without compensation but the Government

shall pay for all costs and expenses related thereto which shall include, but not be

limited to, any engineering studies, new fixtures, equipment and installations

required for the gathering, transport, processing and utilisation thereof and the

operation and maintenance of same shall be at the sole risk, cost and expense of

the Government.

(4) Where the contractor considers that it is economical to produce

natural gas, the contractor agrees to sell all or part of its share of natural gas to

the Government, provided that the parties agree upon the price, volume and

terms of sale.

24. PRODUCTION LEVELS AND ANNUAL PRODUCTION PROGRAMME

(1) The contractor shall produce petroleum at the maximum efficient rate

in accordance with good international petroleum industry practice.

(2) Prior to the first day of October of each year following the

commencement of commercial production, the contractor shall submit and orally

present to the Minister, a detailed statement of the annual production programme

and budget for the next calendar year, and the provisions of sub-clause 18 (3) and

(4) shall apply to the annual production programme and budget.

(3) The contractor shall endeavour to produce in each calendar year the

forecast quantity estimated in the annual production programme.

(4) The crude oil shall be run to storage (constructed, maintained and

operated by the contractor) and petroleum shall be metered or otherwise

measured as required to meet the purpose of this contract in accordance with

clause 25.

27



25. MEASUREMENT OF PETROLEUM

(1) The volume and quality of petroleum produced and saved from the

contract area shall be measured by methods and appliances customarily used in

good international petroleum industry practice and approved by the Minister.

(2) The Minister may inspect the appliances used for measuring the

volume and determining the quality of petroleum and may appoint an inspector

to supervise the measurement of volume and determination of quality.

(3) Where the method of measurement, or appliances used therefor, have

caused an overstatement or understatement of a share of the production, the error

shall be presumed to have existed since the date of the last calibration of the

measurement devices, unless the contrary is shown, and an appropriate

adjustment shall be made for the period of error.

(4) The Minister and the contractor shall determine the measurement

point at which production shall be measured and the respective shares of

petroleum allocated.

26. VALUATION OF CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS

(1) The value of crude oil, for all purposes under this contract, shall be

denominated in United States dollars and shall be calculated each calendar

quarter as follows (a) if there have been sales of crude oil produced from the contract area to

third parties at arm's length during that calendar quarter, the value shall be the

weighted average per unit price actually paid in those sales, at the F.O.B. point of

export or at the point that title and risk pass to the buyer, adjusted for grade,

gravity and quality of such crude oil as well as for transportation costs and other

appropriate adjusted for grade, gravity, and quality of such crude oil saction

where the seller and the buyer are independent of one another and do not have,

directly or indirectly, any common interest;



(b) if there have been no sales of crude oil produced from the contract

area to third parties at arm's length during that calendar quarter, the value shall be

the "fair market value" determined as the average per unit prevailing market

price, actually paid during that calendar quarter in arm's length sales for export

under term contracts of at least ninety (90) days between unrelated purchasers

and sellers, for crude oil produced in Kenya and in the major crude oil producing

countries, and adjusted for grade, gravity and quality of such crude oil as well as

28



for transportation costs and any other appropriate adjustments.

If necessary, a value of crude oil shall be determined separately for each

crude oil or crude oil mix and for each point of delivery.

The value of crude oil shall be mutually agreed at the end of each

calendar quarter and applied to all transactions that took place during the quarter.

If the Minister and the contractor cannot reach agreement on the value of

crude oil within thirty (30) days of the end of any calendar quarter, such

determination shall be made by an internationally recognized expert appointed by

the contractor and the Minister, but if they fail to agree within thirty (30) days on

the appointment of such expert, then by the International Chamber of Commerce.

The expert shall report his determination within twenty (20) days of his

appointment and his determination shall be final and binding upon the

Government and the contractor.

(2) Pending the determination of the value of crude oil for a calendar

quarter, the value of crude oil determined for the preceding calendar quarter will

be provisionally applied to make calculation and payment during such calendar

quarter until the applicable value for that calendar quarter is finally determined

pursuant to sub-clause 26 (1). Any adjustment to provisional calculation and

payment, if necessary, will be made within thirty (30) days after such applicable

value is finally determined.

(3) Natural gas shall be valued based on the actual proceeds received for

sales, provided that, for sales of natural gas between the contractor and any

affiliate, the value of such natural gas shall not be less than the then prevailing

fair market value for such sales of natural gas taking into consideration, to the

extent possible, such factors as the markets, the quality and quantity of natural

gas and other relevant factors reflected in natural gas pricing.



29



PART VI

COST RECOVERY, PRODUCTION SHARING, MARKETING AND PARTICIPATION

27. COST RECOVERY, PRODUCTION SHARING AND INCOME TAX

(1) Subject to the auditing provisions under clause 30, the contractor shall

recover the petroleum costs, in respect of all petroleum operations, incurred and

paid by the contractor pursuant to the provisions of this contract and duly entered

in the contractor's books of account, by taking and separately disposing of an

amount equal in value to a maximum of ……..per cent (……….%) per fiscal

year of all crude oil produced and saved from the contract area during that fiscal

year and not used in petroleum operations. Such cost recovery crude oil is

hereinafter referred to as "cost oil".

(2) Petroleum costs may be recovered from cost oil in the following

manner (a) petroleum costs, with the exception of capital expenditures, incurred

in respect of the contract area, shall be recoverable either in the fiscal year in

which these costs are incurred and paid or the fiscal year in which commercial

production occurs, whichever is the later; and

(b) capital expenditure incurred in respect of each development area shall

be recoverable at a rate of twenty percent (20%) per annum based on

amortization at that rate starting either in the fiscal year in which such capital

expenditure are incurred and paid or the fiscal year in which commercial

production from that development area commences, whichever is the later.

For the purpose of this clause, "capital expenditure" shall mean the

qualifying expenditure, other than "intangible drilling costs", that is expenditure

that has no salvage value, including expenditure on labour, fuel, repairs,

maintenance, hauling, mobilization and supplies and materials, other than

supplies and materials for well casings or other well fixtures, which is for or

incidental to drilling, cleaning, deepening, completing or abandoning wells and is

incurred in respect of (i) the determination of well locations, geological and geophysical

studies, and topographical and geographical surveys preparatory to drilling;

(ii) the drilling, shooting, testing, and cleaning of wells; and

30



(iii) the clearing, draining and leveling of land, road-building and laying

of foundations.

(c) To the extent that, in a fiscal year, the petroleum costs recoverable

according to sub-clauses 27 (2) (a) and 27 (2) (b) exceed the value of all cost oil

for such fiscal year, the excess shall be carried forward for recovery by the

contractor in the next succeeding fiscal year or fiscal years until fully recovered,

but in no case after the termination of this contract.

(d) To the extent that, in a fiscal year, the petroleum costs recoverable

according to sub-clauses 27 (2) and 27 (2) (b) are less than the maximum value

of the Cost Oil as specified in sub-clause 27 (1), the excess shall become part of,

and be included in the profit oil as provided for in sub-clause 27 (3) hereafter.

(e) For the purpose of valuation of cost oil, the provisions of clause 26

hereof shall apply.

(3) The total crude oil produced and saved from the contract area and not

used in petroleum operations less the cost oil as specified in sub-clauses 27 (1)

and 27 (2), shall be referred to as the profit oil and shall be shared, taken and

disposed of separately by the Government and contractor according to increments

of profit oil as follows:



Increments of Profit Oil

As to oil produced offshore

First 20,000 Barrels per day

Next 30,000 Barrels per day

Next 50,000 Barrels per day

Any volume over first

100,000 Barrels per day



Government

share



Contractor's

share



%

%

%



%

%

%



%



%



For the purpose of this sub-clause, increments of profit oil shall be

calculated by considering the total crude oil produced and saved from the

contract area less the quantity of cost oil required to satisfy recoverable costs,

expenses and expenditures according to sub-clauses 27 (1) and 27 (2).

(4) With respect to sub-clauses 27 (1), 27 (2) and 27 (3), cost oil and

profit oil calculations shall be done quarterly on an accumulative basis. To the

extent that actual quantities, costs and expenses are not known, provisional

31



estimates of such data based on the adopted annual production work programme

and budget under clause 24 shall be used. Within sixty (60) days of the end of

each fiscal year, a final calculation of cost oil and profit oil based on actual crude

oil production in respect of that fiscal year and recoverable petroleum costs shall

be prepared and any necessary adjustments shall be made.

(5) The contractor shall be subject to and shall comply with the

requirements of the income tax laws in force in Kenya which impose taxes on or

are measured by income or profits.

The portion of the crude oil which the Government is entitled to take and

receive under sub-clause 27 (3) shall be inclusive of all taxes based on income or

profits, including specifically tax payable under the Income Tax Act, and

dividend tax imposed by Kenya on any distribution of income or profits by the

contractor, but shall exclude the tax paid by the contractor on behalf of petroleum

service sub-contractors.

The Government agrees to pay and discharge as and when due such taxes

for account of the contractor, and the Minister agrees to furnish the contractor

with proper receipts from the Government evidencing the payment of all such

taxes on contractor's behalf for each fiscal year. The contractor shall prepare and

file a Kenya income tax return for each fiscal year within four (4) months after

the close of each fiscal year. The receipts furnished by the Minister evidencing

payment of such taxes shall correspond to the amount of taxes payable on behalf

of the contractor by the Government. The receipts shall be issued by the duly

constituted authority for the collection of Kenya income taxes and shall be

furnished within three (3) months after the date the contractor files its Kenya

income tax return for the fiscal year.

All taxes paid by the Government in the name and on behalf of the

contractor shall be considered income to the contractor for the fiscal year to

which the tax payments relate.

(6) The contractor, if so directed by the Minister, shall be obligated to lift

and market part or all of the Government share of profit oil.

When the Minister elects not to take and receive in kind any part of the

Government share of profit oil, the Minister shall notify the contractor three (3)

months before the commencement of each semester of a calendar year,

specifying the quantity of production and such notice shall be effective for the

ensuing semester. Any sale by the contractor of the Government share of profit

oil shall not be for a term of more than one (1) year without the Minister's

consent.

32



The price paid by the contractor for the Government share of profit oil

shall be the price established according to clause 26. The contractor shall pay the

Government on a monthly basis, such payments to be made within thirty (30)

days after the end of the month in which the production occurred.

(7) At a reasonable time prior to the scheduled date of commencement of

commercial production, the parties shall agree to procedures covering the

scheduling, storage and lifting of petroleum produced from the agreed upon point

of export or delivery.

(8) In the event that the contractor elects to produce a natural gas

discovery, the petroleum costs incurred by the contractor and directly attributable

to the discovery and production of such natural gas shall be recovered from part

thereof. The parties agree that the Government and the contractor shall share the

natural gas produced and saved and not used in petroleum operations in

accordance and on an equivalent basis with the percentage allocations provided

for cost recovery and production sharing of crude oil under this clause. For this

purpose, six thousand (6000) cubic feet of natural gas at a temperature of 15

degrees centigrade and pressure of one atmosphere shall be deemed to be

equivalent to one (1) barrel of crude oil.

28. GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION

(1) The Government may elect to participate in the petroleum operations

in any development area and acquire an interest of up to ……. Per cent (……%)

(hereinafter referred to as "Participating Interest") of the total interest in that

development area. The Government may participate either directly or through an

appointee.

"Appointee" means a body corporate wholly owned or controlled by the

Government, and appointed for the purposes of this contract.

(2) The Government shall exercise the right to participate by giving

notice to the contractor within six (6) months from the date the development plan

for a development area is adopted under sub-clause 20 (3). Such notice shall

specify the Participating Interest that the Government has elected in that

development area. If the Government exercises its option to participate, the

contractor (or each entity constituting the contractor pro-rata) shall transfer to the

Government that percentage interest specified by the Government.

The Government's participation shall be effective from the date the

development plan hereof is adopted.

33



(3) If the Government exercises its right to participate in a development

area, the Government and the contractor shall execute the Participation

Agreement, attached hereto as Appendix "C" and made a part thereof, within

three (3) months after notice to the contractor under sub-clause 28 (2).

(4) The Government shall, in exercise of its right to participate in a

development area (a) have a right to a vote in proportion to its participating interest with

respect to all decisions taken under the participation agreement;

(b) own and separately take and dispose of its share in the petroleum

produced and saved to which the contractor is entitled under this contract,

corresponding to its participating interest in that development area. The

Contractor shall not be obliged to market the Government's share of petroleum

corresponding to the Government's participating interest in that development

area;

(c) assume its share of costs, expenses and obligations incurred in respect

of that development area, from the effective date of its participation as defined in

sub-clause 28 (2), pro-rata to its participating interest;

(d) own a participating interest share in all assets acquired for petroleum

operations in or related to the development area;

(e) reimburse the contractor, without interest, pro-rata to the Government

participating interest, its share of all costs, expenses and expenditure incurred in

respect of the development area from the date the development plan for that

development area has been adopted to the date the Government exercises its right

to participate in that development area.

This reimbursement shall be made within three (3) months after the

Government exercises its right to participate.

29. DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION

(1) The contractor shall have the obligation to supply in priority crude oil

for domestic consumption in Kenya and shall sell to the Government that portion

of the contractor's share of production which is necessary to satisfy the domestic

supply requirements in accordance with the following provisions.

(2) In each calendar year, the Minister shall notify the contractor not less

than three (3) months prior to the beginning of that calendar year, of the domestic

34



supply requirement. The maximum amount of crude oil that the Minister may

require from the contractor's share of production shall be calculated each

calendar quarter, and shall be equal to the excess of total crude oil domestic

consumption in Kenya multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the

average crude oil production from the contract area and the denominator of

which is the total crude oil production from all producers in Kenya, over the

amount of crude oil available to the Government from the contract area as in the

form of Government share production under clause 27 and in the form of

Government participation share under clause 28.

For the purpose of this sub-clause, "domestic consumption" does not

include crude oil refined in Kenya for export.

(3) When the contractor is obligated to supply crude oil for domestic

consumption in Kenya, the price paid by the Government shall be calculated in

accordance with clause 26. Such sales to the Government shall be invoiced

monthly and shall be paid within sixty (60) days of receipt of the invoice, unless

other terms and conditions are mutually agreed.



(4) With the written consent of the Minister the contractor may comply

with this clause by importing crude oil and exporting the same amount, but

appropriate adjustments shall be made in price and volume to reflect

transportation costs, differences in quality, gravity and terms of sale.

(5) In this clause, "Government" includes an Appointee as defined in subclause 28 (1) and "contractor" does not include the Government where the

Government has participated under clause 28.



PART VII

BOOKS, ACCOUNTS, AUDITS, IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE

30. BOOKS, ACCOUNTS AND AUDITS

(1) The contractor shall keep books and accounts in accordance with the

accounting procedure and shall submit to the Minister a statement of those

accounts, not more than three (3) months after the end of each calendar year.

(2) At the request of the Minister, the contractor shall appoint an

independent auditor of international standing, approved by the Government to

audit annually the books and accounts of the contractor and report thereon; and

35



the cost of such audit shall be at the charge of the contractor.

(3) The Government may audit the books and accounts within two (2)

calendar years of the period to which they relate, and shall complete that audit

within one (1) calendar year.

(4) In the absence of an audit within two (2) calendar years or in the

absence of notice to the contractor of a discrepancy in the books and accounts

within three (3) calendar years of the period to which the audit relates the

contractor's books and accounts shall be deemed correct.

31. PREFERENCE TO KENYAN GOODS AND SERVICES

(1) The contractor, its contractors and sub-contractors shall give

preference to Kenyan materials and supplies for use in petroleum operations as

long as their prices, quantities and timeliness of delivery are comparable with the

prices, quality, quantities and timeliness of delivery of non-Kenyan materials and

supplies.

(2) The contractor, its contractors and sub-contractors shall give

preference to Kenyan contractors for services connected with petroleum

operations as long as their prices, performance and timeliness are comparable

with the prices, performance and timeliness of non-Kenyan service contractors.

(3) The contractor, its contractors and sub-contractors shall provide

supplies and services from bases in Kenya where practicable.

(4) The contractor shall (a) on or before the beginning of each calendar year to which it applies,

submit to the Minister a tentative schedule of the contemplated service and

supply contracts with an estimated value exceeding the equivalent of ………

U.S. dollars per contract, to be let during the forthcoming calendar year, showing

the anticipated tender date and approximate value and the goods and services to

be provided;

(b) for contracts with an estimated value exceeding the equivalent of

………… U.S. dollars per contract, undertake to select its contractors and subcontractors from adequately qualified companies by means of competitive

bidding or by another appropriate method in accordance with good international

petroleum industry practice;

(c) as soon as practicable after their execution, provide to the Minister a

copy of each contract, requiring a payment in a currency other than Kenya

36



Shillings and a brief description of the efforts made to find a Kenyan supplier or

service contractor;

(d) the minimum amount specified under this sub-clause 31 (4) may be

changed from time to time by mutual agreement.

32. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS

(1) Except as to the petroleum to be delivered to the Government

pursuant to the terms of this contract, the contractor shall own and receive its

share of petroleum produced from the contract area and shall be entitled to export

such petroleum without restriction and free of taxes, charges, fees, duties or

levies of any kind or to otherwise freely dispose of the same.

(2) The contractor and its contractors and sub-contractors engaged in

carrying out petroleum operations under this contract shall be permitted to import

into Kenya all the materials, equipment and supplies including but not limited to

machinery, vehicles, consumable items, movable property and any other articles,

to be used solely in carrying out petroleum operations under this contract.

Such materials, equipment and supplies shall be exempt from all customs

duties, the contractor and its contractors and sub-contractors shall give preference

to Kenyan goods and services in accordance with clause 31 hereof.

(3) In relation to materials, equipment and supplies imported or to be

imported pursuant to sub-clause 32 (2), when a responsible representative of the

Ministry has certified that they are to be used solely in carrying out petroleum

operations under this contractor, the contractor and its contractors and subcontractors shall be entitled to make such imports without having to obtain(a) any approval of import licence, provided, however, that an application

has been duly made;

(b) Any exchange control approval, subject to the provision of clause 33

hereof; or.

(c) any inspection outside of Kenya by general superintendence or other

inspecting body, acting for the time being, appointed by the government.

(4) The actual costs of contracts for technical and other services entered

into by the contractor for petroleum operations and for materials purchased by

the contractor for use in petroleum operations shall be recoverable, provided that

those services and materials are reasonably required for petroleum operations and

provided further that the prices paid by the contractor are no higher than those

37



currently prevailing in normal arm's length transactions of the open market for

comparable services and materials.

(5) Each expatriate employee of the contractor, its contractors and subcontractors shall be permitted to import and shall be exempt from all customs

duties with respect to the reasonable importation of household goods and

personal effects, including one (1) automobile provided however that such

properties are imported within three (3) months of their arrival or such longer

period as the Government may in writing determine.

(6) The contractor and its contractor and sub-contractors and their

expatriate employees may sell in Kenya all imported items which are no longer

needed for petroleum operations. However, if such imports were exempt from

customs duties, the seller shall fulfil all formalities required in connection with

the payment of duties, taxes, fees and charges imposed on such sales.

(7) Subject to sub-clauses 12 (4) and 12 (5), contractor and its contractors

and sub-contractors and their expatriate employees may export from Kenya,

exempt of all export duties, taxes, fees and charges, all previously imported items

which are no longer required for the conduct of petroleum operations under this

contract.

(8) "custom duties", as that term is used herein, shall include all duties,

taxes on imports (except those charges paid to the Government for actual

services rendered), which are payable as a result of the importation of the item or

items under consideration.

33. EXCHANGE AND CURRENCY CONTROLS

(1) As long as the Contractor meets its obligations to the Government in terms

of tax payments or any other payment contemplated by this Contract, and as long as

the Contractor complies with sub-clause 33(20 hereafter and is not in a material breach

with this Contract, the Government shall by appropriate legal notice grant effective

upon the effective date of this contract the contractor freedom to(a)



open and freely maintain external accounts inside Kenya and foreign bank

accounts outside Kenya in accordance with Exchange Control Notice No.3

issued under the Exchange Control Act, chapter 113 of the Laws of Kenya:



(b)



receive, retain outside Kenya and freely dispose of foreign currencies received

by it outside Kenya, including the proceeds of sales of petroleum hereunder,

and contractor shall not be obligated to remit such proceeds to Kenya with the

38



exception of those proceeds as may be needed to meet in Kenya its expenses

and payments to the Government.

(c)



Pay directly outside Kenya for purchases of goods and services necessary to

carry out petroleum operations hereunder:



(d)



Pay it s expatriate employees working in Kenya in foreign currencies outside of

Kenya. Such expatriate employees shall be only required to bring into Kenya

such foreign exchange as required to meet their personal living expenses and to

meet payments of Kenyan taxes;



(e)



Freely repatriate abroad all proceeds from contractor’s petroleum operations in

Kenya, including but not limited to proceeds from the sale of assets and

petroleum ; and



(f)



Have rates of exchange for purchase or sale of currency in Kenya, not less

favourable to the contractor than those granted to any investor in Kenya



(2) In order to keep the Government and the Central Bank of Kenya informed of its

prospective and actual foreign exchange transactions, the contractor shall inform the

Government and the Bank in writing and in such form and detail as the Government or

the Bank may request(a)



of the location of the contractor’s bank accounts in Kenya and abroad,which

latter accounts shall be opened in banks approved by the Central Bank of

Kenya;



(b)



annually, before the commencement of each calender year, of the contractor’s

estimated receipts and disbursements of foreign exchange by principal

headings during the year appears necessary); and



(c)



quarterly, within thirty(30) days of the end of each calendar quarter, of the

contractor’s actual receipts and disbursements of foreign exchange by principal

headings during the preceding quarter.



(3) Subject to the obligation to give preference to Kenyan goods and services as

stipulated under clause 31, the contractor shall have the right to enter all contracts and

sub-contracts necessary to carry out petroleum operations, without prior approval by

the Central Bank of Kenya or any other Government agency. The Government

reserves the right to inspect the records or documentation related to such contracts and

sub-contracts and, in accordance with clause 30, to appoint independent auditors to

examine the accounts of the contractor, and the contractor shall provide a copy of such

contracts within thirty (30) days after their execution, provided however that where the

39



Government disputes anything in the contracts, the value in dispute shall not be

included, until, the dispute has been resolved, in

(a) the qualifying expenditure under the Income Tax Act;

(b) the Certificate of Approved Enterprise; and

© the qualifying payment under th Exchange Control Act

(4) The Government shall grant to the contractor a certificate of Approved Enterprise

in accordance with the Foreign Investments Protection Act, Chapter 518 of the Law of Kenya.

The amount recognized by the certificate as having been invested shall be the actual amount for

the time being invested by the contractor as set forth in its books of account maintained and

audited in accordance with this contract, provided however that the contractor shall not

repatriate any proceeds of sale of an asset forming part of either –

(a) qualifying expenditure under the Income Tax Act;

(b) any asset subject to a Certificate of Approved Enterprise;

Without written approval and the necessary amendments to the relevant certificate. Proceeds

arising from any other source may repatriate after a senior Officer of the Ministry, duly

authorized in that behalf, has certified that such repatriation is in order.



40



PART VIII



GENERAL

34. PAYMENTS

(1) All sums due to the Government or the contractor shall be paid in

United States dollars or other currency agreed to by the Government and the

contractor.

(2) Any late payment shall attract interest at ….percent (……..%) per

annum.

35. ASSIGNMENT

(1) After notice to the Minister the contractor may assign part or all of its

rights and obligations under this contract to an affiliate without the prior approval

of the Minister, provided such assignment shall result in the assignor and the

assignee being jointly and severally liable for all of the assignor's obligations

hereunder.

(2) The contractor may assign to a person other than an affiliate part or all

of its rights and obligations under this contract with the consent of the Minister,

which shall not be unreasonably withheld and which shall be granted or refused

within thirty (30) days of receipt by the Minister of the notice from the contractor

that it intends to make such an assignment, but the Minister may require such an

assignee to provide a guarantee for the performance of the obligations of the

contractor.

(3) The contractor shall report to the Minister any material changes in the

corporate structure, ownership and financial position of the contractor and its

parent company.

36. MANAGER, ATTORNEY AND JOINT OPERATION AGREEMENT

(1) The contractor shall notify the Minister, before the petroleum

operations begin, of the name and address of the person resident in Kenya who

will supervise the petroleum operations, and prior notice of any subsequent

change shall be given to the Minister.

(2) The contractor shall appoint an advocate resident in Kenya with the

power of representation in all matters relating to this contract, of which

appointment the Minister shall be notified before the petroleum operations begin,

and prior notice of any subsequent change shall be given to the Minister.

41



(3) Where the contractor consists of more than one person, the contractor

shall deliver to the Minister a copy of the joint Operating agreement between

those persons, as soon as it is available.

37. CONFIDENTIALITY

(1) All the information which the contractor may supply to the

Government under this contract shall be supplied at the expense of the contractor

and the Government shall keep that information confidential, and shall not

disclose it other than to a person employed by or on behalf of the Government,

except with the consent of the contractor which consent shall not unreasonably

withheld.

(2) Notwithstanding sub-clause 37 (1), the Minister may use any

information supplied, for the purpose of preparing and publishing reports and

returns required by law, and for the purpose of preparing and publishing reports

and surveys of a general nature.

(3) The Minister may publish any information which relates to a

surrendered area at any time after the surrender, and in any other case, three (3)

years after the information was received unless the Minister determines, after

representations by the contractor, that a longer period shall apply.

(4) The Government shall not disclose, without the written consent of the

contractor, to any person, other than a person employed by or on behalf of the

Government, know-how and proprietary technology which the contractor may

supply to the Minister.

38. FORCE MAJEURE

(1)

In this clause, “Force Majeure” means an occurrence beyond the

reasonable control of the Minister or the Government or the contractor which prevents

any of them from performing their obligation under this contract

(2)

Where the Minister, the Government or the Contractor is prevented

from complying with this contact by force majeure, the person affected shall promptly

give written notice to the other and the obligations of the affected person shall be

suspended, provided that the person shall do all things reasonably within its power to

remove such cause of force majeure. Upon cessation of the force majeure event, the

person no longer affected shall notify the other person.

(3)



Where the person not affected disputes the existence of force majeure,

42



that dispute shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with clause 41.

(4)

Where an obligation is suspended by force majeure for more than one (1)

year, the parties may agree to terminate this contract by notice in writing without further

obligations.

(5)

Subject to sub-clause 38 (4), the term of the contract shall be

automatically extended for the period of the force majeure.



39. WAIVER

A waiver of an obligation of the contractor shall be in writing, signed by

the Minister, and no waiver shall be implied if the Minister does not exercise a

remedy under this contract.

40. GOVERNING LAW

(1) This contract shall be governed by, interpreted and construed in

accordance with the Laws of Kenya.

(2) The contractor agrees that it will obey and abide by all laws and

regulations in force in Kenya.

(3) If after the effective date of this contract the economic benefits of a

party are substantially affected by the promulgation of new laws and regulations,

or of any amendments to the applicable laws and regulations of Kenya, the

parties shall agree to make the necessary adjustments to the relevant provisions

of this contract, observing the principle of the mutual economic benefits of the

parties.

41. ARBITRATION

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this contract, any question or dispute

arising out of or in relation to or in connection with this contract shall, as far as

possible, be settled amicably. Where no settlement is reached within thirty (30)

days from the date of the dispute or such a period as may be agreed upon by the

parties, the dispute shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with the

UNCITRAL arbitration rules adopted by the United Nations Commission on

International Trade Law.

(2) The number of arbitrators shall be three (3) and shall be appointed as

follows 43



(a) each party shall appoint one (1) arbitrator and so notify the other party

of such appointment and those two (2) arbitrators shall appoint the third

arbitrator.

(b) if any of the arbitrators shall not have been appointed within thirty

(30) days, either party may request in writing the Secretary-General of the

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes to appoint the

arbitrator or arbitrators not yet appointed and to designate an arbitrator to be the

Chairman of the arbitral tribunal. The Secretary-General shall forthwith send a

copy of that request to the other party.

The Secretary-General shall comply with the request within thirty (30)

days from the receipt thereof or such longer period as the parties may agree.

The Secretary-General shall promptly notify the parties of any

appointment or designation made by him pursuant to the aforesaid request.

(c) Arbitrators shall be chosen from countries other than those of which

the parties are nationals.

(d) If an arbitrator fails or is unable to act, his successor will be appointed

in the same manner as the arbitrator whom he succeeds.

(3) The arbitration shall take place in Nairobi, Kenya and shall be in

English.

(4) The decision of the majority of the arbitrators shall be final and

binding on the parties.

(5) Any judgement upon the award of the arbitrators may be entered in

any court having jurisdiction in respect thereof.

42. NOTICES

(1) Any notice and other communication under this contract shall be in

writing and shall be delivered by hand, sent by registered post, or by telegram or

telex to the following address of the other.

To the Government:

To the Contractor:

(2) A notice shall be effective on receipt.

44



(3) Any notice given by telex or telegram shall be promptly confirmed by

letter signed by the party giving the notice.

(4) The Government and the contractor may at any time and from time to

time change its authorized representative or its address herein on giving the other

ten (10) days notice in writing to such effect.

43. HEADING AND AMENDMENTS

(1) Headings are inserted in this contract for convenience only and shall

not affect the construction or interpretation hereof.

(2) This contract shall not be amended, modified or supplemented except

by an instrument in writing signed by the parties.

Signed on the day and year first before written:

For the government

.................................................................................

The Minister

.................................................................................

.................................................................................

.................................................................................

For the Contractor:

.................................................................................

.................................................................................

.................................................................................

Note: Appendices to each petroleum agreement relates will

(a) Identify the block to which the petroleum agreement related

(Appendix “A”)

(b) Provide for the accounting procedures to be followed by the

contractor (appendix “B”) ; and

(c) Specify the terms and conditions of participation (Appendix C”)



45



APPENDIX “A”

THE CONTACT AREA

(The Area to which the Petroleum Agreement relates



APPENDIX "B"

ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1 - Interpretation.

1.2 - Accounting obligations of the contractor.

1.3 - Language and units of accounts.

1.4 - Audits.

1.5 - Revision of accounting procedure.

PART II - COSTS, EXPENSES, EXPENDITURE AND CREDITS OF THE CONTRACTOR

2.1 - Surface rights.

2.2 - Labour and related costs.

2.3 - Materials.

2.4 - Transportation and employee relocation costs.

2.5 - Services.

2.6 - Damage and losses to joint property.

46



2.7 - Insurance.

2.8 - Legal expense.

2.9 - Duties and taxes.

2.10 - Offices, camps and miscellaneous facilities.

2.11 - General and administrative expenses.

2.12 - Other expenditure.

2.13 - Credits under the Contract.

2.14 - No duplication of charges and credits.

PART III - FINANCIAL REPORTS TO THE MINISTER

PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS

The purpose of this accounting procedure is to establish methods and

rules of accounting for petroleum operations and the principles set forth herein

shall apply to petroleum operations pursuant to the production sharing contract

(hereinafter referred to as the "Contract"), to which this Appendix is attached.



1.1 - INTERPRETATION

1.1.1 - DEFINITIONS

"joint account" means the set of accounts maintained by the operator to

record all expenditure and other transactions under the provisions of the contract.

Such accounts will distinguish between exploration, evaluation, development and

production costs. After adoption of a development plan a separate joint account

shall be maintained for each development area.

"joint property" means all property acquired and held in connection with

petroleum operations under the contract;

"material" means personal property, including supplies and equipment,

acquired and held for use in petroleum operations;

"controllable material" means material which the operator subjects to

record control and inventory. A list of types of such material shall be furnished to

47



the Government and non-operator(s);

"operator" means the party designated to conduct the petroleum

operations;

"non-operator(s)" means the entities constituting the contractor other than

the operator, and the Government when it participates.

Words not defined herein, but which are defined in the contract, shall

have the meanings ascribed to them therein.

1.1.2 - PRECEDENCE OF DOCUMENT

In the event of conflict between the provisions of this accounting

procedure and the provisions of the contract, the provisions of the contract shall

prevail.



1.2 - ACCOUNTING OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR

1.2.1. The contractor shall maintain financial accounts necessary to

record in reasonable detail the transactions relating to petroleum operations

which shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted standards of the

international petroleum industry, as more particularly, but not exclusively set out

in this accounting procedure.

1.2.2. The contractor shall provide the Government with a description of

its accounting classifications and the contractor shall use such classifications

when preparing its accounts.

1.2.3. The contractor shall provide details of the financial accounts in the

form of monthly statements which shall (a) reflect all charges and credits related to petroleum operations;

(b) be prepared on accrual basis so that expenditure is - recorded as

incurred when title to goods passes or when work is executed; and

(c) present the total accounts for the contract area and each development

area and the share of each non-operator.



1.3. - LANGUAGE AND UNITS OF ACCOUNTS

1.3.1. All books of account shall be maintained in the English language

48



and in United States dollars. Where necessary for clarification, the contractor

may also maintain accounts and records in other language and currencies.

1.3.2. It is the intent of this accounting procedure that neither the

Government nor the contractor should experience an exchange gain or loss at the

expense of, or to the benefit of, the other. However, should there be any gain or

loss from exchange of currency, it will be credited or charged to the accounts

under the contract.



1.4. - AUDITS AND INSPECTION RIGHTS OF THE GOVERNMENT

1.4.1. The Government, upon at least thirty (30) days' advance written

notice to the contractor, shall have the right at its sole expense to audit the joint

account and related records for any calendar year or portion thereof within the

twenty-four (24) month period following the end of such year. Notice of any

exception to the contractor's accounts of any calendar year must be submitted to

the contractor within three (3) years from the end of such year.

1.4.2. For the purposes of auditing, the Government may examine and

verify, at reasonable times, all charges and credits relating to the petroleum

operations such as books of account, accounting entries, material records and

inventories, vouchers, payrolls, invoices and any other documents,

correspondence and records necessary to audit and verify the charges and credits.

Furthermore, the auditors shall have the right in connection with such audit, to

visit and inspect at reasonable times, all sites, plants, facilities, warehouses and

offices of the contractor directly or indirectly serving the petroleum operations

including visiting personnel associated with those operations.

1.4.3. All adjustments resulting from an audit agreed shall be rectified

promptly in the contractor's accounts. Any unresolved dispute arising in

connection with an audit shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with clause

41 of the contract.

1.4.4. At the request of the Minister, the contractor shall appoint an

independent auditor of international standing approved by the Minister to audit

annually the accounts and records of the petroleum operations and report thereon,

and the cost of such audit and report shall be chargeable to the joint account.



1.5. - REVISION OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE

1.5.1. By mutual agreement between the Government and the contractor,

this accounting procedure may be revised from time to time by an instrument in

writing signed by the parties.

49



1.5.2. The parties agree that if any procedure established herein proves

unfair or inequitable to any party, the parties shall meet and in good faith

endeavour to agree on the changes necessary to correct that unfairness or

inequity.



PART II - COSTS, EXPENSES, EXPENDITURE AND CREDITS OF THE CONTRACTOR

Subject to the provisions of the contract, the contractor shall bear and pay

the following cost and expenses necessary to conduct petroleum operations. Such

petroleum costs are recoverable by the contractor in accordance with the

provisions of the contract.



2.1. - SURFACE RIGHTS

2.1.1. All direct costs necessary to acquire and to maintain surface right

to the contract area when such costs are paid by the contractor according to the

provisions of the contract.



2.2. - LABOUR AND RELATED COST

2.2.1. Salaries and wages of employees of the operate and its affiliate(s)

for portion of their time spent performing management, administrative, legal,

accounting, treasury, tax, employee relations, computer services, engineering,

geological, and all other functions for the benefit of petroleum operations,

whether temporarily or permanently assigned to the contract area, as well as the

cost of employee benefits, customary allowances and personal expenses incurred

under the usual practice of the operator and its affiliate(s) and amount imposed

by governmental authorities, which are applicable to such employees.



2.3. - MATERIAL

2.3.1. Value of material charged to the accounts contract. The cost of

material, equipment and supplies purchased or furnished by the operator for use

in petroleum operations shall be charged to the joint account on the basis set

forth below. So far as it is reasonably practical and consistent with efficient and

economical operations, only such material shall be purchased for or transferred to

the joint property as may be required for immediate use and /or for approved

work programmes and the accumulation of surplus stock shall be avoided.

50



2.3.1.1. Except as otherwise provided in sub-part 2.3.1.2 below, material

purchased, leased or rented shall be charged at the actual net cost incurred by the

operator. "Net cost" shall include, but shall not be limited to, such items as

vendor's invoice price, transportation, duties, fees and applicable taxes less all

discounts actually received.

2.3.1.2. Material purchased or transferred from the contractor or its

affiliate(s) shall be charged at the prices specified herebelow:

(a) New material (condition "A") shall be valued at the current

international net cost which shall not exceed the price prevailing in normal arm's

length transactions on the open market.

(b) Used material (conditions "B", "C" and "D").

(i) Material which is in sound serviceable condition and is

suitable for reuse without reconditioning shall be classified as condition "B" and

priced at seventy-five percent (75%) of the current price of new material defined

in (a) above.

(ii) Material which cannot be classified as condition "B" but

which after reconditioning will be further serviceable for its original function

shall be classified as condition "C" and priced at fifty per cent(50%) of the

current price of new material as defined in (a), above. The cost of reconditioning

shall be charged to the reconditioned material provided that the value of

condition "C" material plus the cost of reconditioning do not exceed the value of

condition "B" material.

(iii) Material which cannot be classified as condition "B" or

condition "C" shall be classified as condition "D" and priced at a value

commensurate with its use.



2.3.2. - INVENTORIES

2.3.1.1. At reasonable intervals, inventories shall be taken by the

operator of all controllable material. The operator shall give ninety (90) days'

written notice of intention to take such inventories to allow the Minister and nonoperator(s) to be represented when any inventory is taken. Failure of any party to

be represented after due notice given shall bind such party to accept the inventory

taken by the operator.

2.3.2.2. The operator shall clearly state the principles upon which

valuation of the inventory has been based.

51



2.3.2.3. Whenever there is a sale or change of interest in the joint

property, a special inventory may be taken by the operator, provided the seller

and/or purchaser of such interest to bear all of the expense thereof. In such cases,

both the seller and the purchaser shall be entitled to be represented and shall be

governed by the inventory so taken.



2.4. - TRANSPORTATION AND EMPLOYEE RELOCATION COSTS

2.4.1. Transportation of material and other related costs such as origin

services, expediting, crating, dock charges, forwarder's charges, surface and air

freight, and customs clearance and other destination services.

2.4.2. Transportation of employees as required in the conduct of

petroleum operations, including employees of the operator's affiliate(s) whose

salaries and wages chargeable under subparts 2.2.1 and 2.5.2.



2.4.3. Relocation costs of the contract area vicinity of employees

permanently or temporarily assigned to petroleum operations. Relocation costs

from the contact area vicinity, except when an employee is reassigned to

another location classified as a foreign location by the operator. Such costs

include transportation of employee' families and their personal and household

effects and all other relocation cost in accordance with the usual practice of the

operator and its affiliate(s).



2.5. - SERVICES

2.5.1. The actual cost of contract services, professional consultants, and

other services performed by third parties other service provided by the contractor

or its affiliate(s), but the prices paid by the contractor shall not be higher than

those generally charged for comparable services.

2.5.2. Costs of technical services, such as but not limited to, engineering,

and related data processing, performed by the contractor and its affiliate(s) for the

direct benefit of petroleum operations, engineering, and related data processing,

performed by the contractor provided such cost shall not exceed those currently

prevailing if performed by third parties in normal arm's length transaction for like

services.

2.5.3. Costs of use of equipment and facilities for the direct benefit of the

petroleum operations, furnished by contractor or its affiliate(s) at rate

commensurate with the costs of ownership, or rental , and the cost of operation

52



thereof , but such rates shall not exceed those currently prevailing in the general

vicinity of the contract area in normal arm's length transactions on the open

market for like services and equipment.



2.6. - DAMAGES AND LOSSES TO JOINT PROPERTY

2.6.1. All costs or expenses necessary for the repair or replacement of

joint property resulting from damages or losses incurred by fire, flood, storm,

theft, accident, or any other cause, except insofar as those costs and expenses

are caused by the wilful misconduct of the operator. The operator shall furnish

the Government and non-operator(s) written notice of damages or losses for each

damages or loss in excess of fifty thousand U.S. dollars (U.S. $50,000) as soon

as after the loss as practicable.



2.7. - INSURANCE

2.7.1. Premia for insurance required under the contract, provided that a

party not participating in such insurance shall not share in the cost unless such

insurance is compulsory under the laws of Kenya and provided further that if

such insurance is wholly or partly paced with an affiliate of the contractor such

premia shall be recoverable only to the extent generally charged by competitive

insurance companies other than an affiliate of the contractor.

2.7.2. Actual expenditure incurred in the settlement of all losses, claims,

damages, judgments, and other expenses for the benefit of the petroleum

operations.



2.8. - LEGAL EXPENSES

2.8.1. All costs or expenses of litigation or legal service otherwise

necessary or expedient for the protection of the joint property or other interest in

the contract area, including but not limited to legal counsel's salaries and fees,

court costs, cost of investigation or procuring evidence and amounts paid in

settlement or satisfaction of any such litigation or claims. These services may be

performed by the operator's legal staff or an outside firm as necessary.



2.9. - DUTIES AND TAXES

2.9.1. All duties, taxes (except taxes based on income), fees, and

governmental assessments of very kind and nature which have been paid by the

operator with respect to the contract.



53



2.10. - OFFICE, CAMPS AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

2.10.1. Cost of establishing, maintaining and operating any offices,

suboffices, camps, warehouse, housing and other facilities directly serving

petroleum operations. The cost shall be allocated to the operations served on an

equitable basic.



2.11. - GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

2.11.1. This charges shall be made monthly for services of all personnel

and offices of the operator and its affiliate(s) outside Kenya and those not

otherwise provided herein. It shall include service and related office cost of

personnel performing management, administrative, legal, accounting, treasury,

tax, employee relations, computer service, purchasing, engineering, geological,

geophysical, and all other functions for the direct benefit of petroleum

operations. The charge shall be made as follows:

This charge will be at the provisional rate of ………. percent

(………%) of total costs per month during any period in which

exploration operations are being conducted. For the period

commencing on the date that the contractor reports a commercial

discovery to the Government as required in clause 19(5) of the

contract until the contract is terminated the provisional rate shall

be ……….. pe rcent (………%) of total costs per month.

The provisional charges for such costs are based upon operator's cost

experience and estimates of cost to be incurred in conduct of the petroleum

operations, and are subject to quarterly adjustment as operator's costs indicate

are necessary and equitable. Within ninety (90) days following the end of each

quarter, the operator shall determine the actual cost incurred in performing such

services, and shall charge or credit the joint account for the difference between

the actual cost incurred for the quarter and the provisional rate charge during the

quarter.

On request of the Government or a non-operator, the operator shall make

available at its home offices all supporting documents used for the determination

of the charges. Such documents shall include but shall not be limited to time

allocation reports prepared by

employees providing services described in

subpart 2.11.1., cash vouchers supporting cash expenses included in overhead

pool, inter-company billing supporting charges for services provided by

operator's affiliates (e.g. building rentals, telecommunications paid by the

operator's parent company), summary or impersonalized computer run

supporting salaries, wages and employee benefits and other such documents as

54



may be mutually agreed.



2.12. - OTHER EXPENDITURE

2.12.1. Other reasonable expenditure not covered or dealt with in the

forgoing provisions which are incurred by the operator and its affiliate(s) for the

necessary, proper, economical and efficient conduct of petroleum operations.

2.12.2. Interest incurred on loans raised by the contractor for capital

expenditure in petroleum operations under the contract at rate not exceeding

prevailing commercial rates may be recoverable as petroleum costs.



2.13. - CREDITS UNDER THE CONTRACT

The net proceeds of the following transaction will be credited to the

account under the contract (a) the net proceeds of any insurance or claim in connection with the

petroleum operations or any assets charged to the accounts under the contract;

(b) revenue received from outsiders for the use of property or assets

charged to the accounts under the contract;

(c)

any adjustment received by the contractor from the

suppliers/manufactures or their agents in connection with defective equipment or

material the cost of which was previously charged by the contactor under the

contract;

(d) rentals, refunds or other credits received by the contractor which

apply to any charge which has been made to the accounts under the contract;

(e) proceeds from all sales of surplus material or assets charged to the

account under the contract; and

(f) the prices originally charged to the accounts under the contract for

inventory materials subsequently exported from Kenya.



2.14. - NO DUPLICATION OF CHARGES AND CREDITS

Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this accounting

procedure, it is the intention that there shall be no duplication of charges or

credits in the accounts under the contract.



55



PART III - FINANCIAL REPORTS TO THE MINISTER

3.1. The reporting obligations provided for in this Part shall, unless the

country is stated, apply to the operator.

3.2. The operator shall submit annually to the Minister the following:

3.2.1. The annual work programme and budget three(3) months before

the beginning of the year to which they apply and the budget shall be analyzed by

item within the exploration programme, evaluation programme, development

programme and production programme and show for each major budget item,

with reasonable detail, the following:(a) latest forecast cumulative costs anticipated at the start of the budget

year;

(b) cumulative expenditure anticipated at the end of each quarter of the

budget year; and

(c) expenditure anticipated in future years to complete the budget item.

3.2.2. A schedule of the service and supply contracts, to be let during the

forthcoming year which require payment in foreign currency exceeding the

equivalent of ……………….. U.S. dollars (U.S. $ ………..) per contract,

showing the anticipated tender date and approximate value and the goods or

services to be provided;

3.2.3. The audit report required by sub-part 1.4.4. of this accounting

procedure, stating whether in the opinion of the auditors of the contract(a) the last annual expenditure report records the expenditure of the

contractor truly and fairly in accordance with the provisions of the contract;

(b) the reports on petroleum revenue submitted truly and fairly

determined the arm's length value of disposals of petroleum during the year.

3.3. The operator shall submit quarterly within thirty (30) days of each

quarter to the Minister:

3.3.1. a report of expenditure and receipts under the contract analyzed by

budget item showing(a) actual expenditure and receipts for the quarter in question;

56



(b) actual cumulative cost to date;

(c) latest forecast cumulative cost at the year end;

(d) variations between budget costs and actual costs, and explanations

thereof; and

(e) with effect from adoption of the development plan, the total payroll

costs segregated between Kenyan and non-Kenyan personnel and the total

expenditure segregated between Kenyan and non-Kenyan goods and services.

3.3.2. a cost recovery statement containing the following information(a) recoverable petroleum costs carried forward from the previous

quarter, if any;

(b) recoverable petroleum costs incurred and paid during the quarter;

(c) total recoverable petroleum costs for the quarter (a) plus (b) above);

(d) quantity and value of cost oil taken and separately disposed of by the

contractor for the quarter;

(e) amount of petroleum recovered for the quarter;

(f) amount of recoverable petroleum costs to be carried forward into the

next quarter, if any; and

(g) value of Government's share of production taken by the contractor

pursuant to clause 27 of the contract.

3.4. A copy of each contract for goods or services, requiring a foreign

currency payment, shall be provided to the Minister as soon as practicable after

its execution, together with a contract summary containing(a) a description of the goods or services to be provided;

(b) the approximate consideration for the contract;

(c) the names of proposed bidders, contractors or suppliers; and

(d) a brief description of the efforts made to find a Kenyan supplier or

57



contractor including the names of businesses considered and the reasons for

rejecting them.

3.5. After the commencement of production the operator shall, within

fifteen (15) days after the end of each month, submit a production report to the

Minister showing for each development area the quantity of petroleum (a) held in stocks at the beginning of the month

(b) produced during the month

(c) lifted, and by whom;

(d) lost and consumed in petroleum operations; and

(e) held in stocks at the end of the month.

3.6. A lifting party shall submit, within fifteen (15) days after the end of

each month, a report to the Minister stating(a) the quantities and sales value of arm's length petroleum sales made in

that month;

(b) the quantities, sales value and arm's length value of disposals of

petroleum other than by sale at arm's length during the month; and

(c) the total petroleum revenue for that month.



58



APPENDIX "C"

PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 - Interpretation

2 - Participation interests and commencement

3 - Operator and duties of operator

4 - Operating committee and work programmes

5 - Costs and expenses

6 - Payments to operator

7 - Material and equipment

8 - Relationship of the parties and tax provisions

9 - Surrenders and transfers

10 - Disposal of production

11 - Sole risk operations

12 - Confidentiality

13 - Liability

14 - Governing law

15 - Arbitration

16 - Force majeure

17 - Notices

18 - Term

19 - Final provisions



59



Exhibit "A"-Accounting procedure.



PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT

This Participation Agreement, made and entered into on this

......................day of.................., by and between the Government of the Republic

of Kenya (hereafter referred to as the "Government") represented for the purpose

of this agreement by the Minister for the time being responsible for energy

(hereinafter referred to as the "Minister") and

………..…. Incorporated under the laws of .............................and having

established a place of business at …………………., Kenya (hereinafter referred

to as the Contractor").

WHEREAS the Government and the Contractor have entered into a

production sharing contract (referred to as the "Contract"), to which this

Appendix is attached;

WHEREAS the Government may decide to exercise its option under

clause 28 of the Contract; and

WHEREAS the Parties wish to set forth the terms and conditions under

which the Government has agreed to participate in the Petroleum Operations in

each case such as option is exercise;

NOW, THEREFORE, the Parties agree as follows:

1 - INTERPRETATION

1. In this participation Agreement, words in the singular include the

plural and vice versa, and except where the context otherwise requires:

"AFE" means an authorization for expenditure;

"Government" includes an appointee as defined in subclause 28 (1) of the

Contract;

"Joint account" means the accounts maintained by the operator to record

all transactions related to operations in the participation area under this

Participation Agreement;

"Joint property" means all property acquired and held for use in

connection with operations under this Participation Agreement;

60



"Non-operator" means a party other than the operator;

"Operating committee” means the committee established by Article 4

hereof;

"Operator" means the party designated to conduct the petroleum

operations, pursuant to Article 3 hereof and its successors;

" Participating interest" means the respective undivided interest of each

of the parties as it may exist at any given time in the participation area and under

this Participation Agreement;

"Participation area" means a development area in which the Government

elects to participate under the Contract;

"Participation dates" means the effective date of participation by the

Government as defined in subclause 28 (2) of the Contract;

"Participation work programme" means a programme of the petroleum

operations under this Participation Agreement;

"Parties" means, collectively, the Government and the entities consulting

the Contractor, their respective successors or assignees."party" means anyone of

the parties;

"Year" means calendar year.

2. Words not defined in this Participation Agreement but which are

defined in the Contract have the meanings given to the in the Contract.

3. In the event of any conflict between the Contract and this Participation

Agreement, Contract shall prevail and this Participation Agreement shall be

deemed amended accordingly.



2. PARTICIPATING INTERESTS

1. When and if the Government elects, pursuant to clause 28 of the

contract, to participate in petroleum operations in a participation area, each entity

constituting the contractor shall assign proportionately to the Government a part

of its interest in the development area so that the rights, interest and obligations

of the contractor and the Government in such area shall be owned and borne as

of the participation date in undivided interests as follows:

Government........................per cent (........%) or such lesser 28 of the

61



Contract;

amount as may be elected in accordance with clause

Contractor: .......................per cent (.......%) or such greater amount as may remain

after the Government's election.

2. In the event a party shall transfer in whole or in part its Participating

interest pursuant to clause 35 of the Contract and Article 9 of this Participation

Agreement, the participating interest of the parties therein shall be revised

accordingly.



3. OPERATOR AND DUTIES OF OPERATOR

1. The operator shall be the party acting as operator on the participation

date and the operator shall have the rights and obligations of a non-operator in

respect of its participating interest.

2. The operator shall serve as operator until it resigns or is removed

pursuant to the provisions of this Article, or until it ceases to hold a participating

interest hereunder. In the event that an operator assigns the whole of its

participating interest hereunder to one of its affiliates, such affiliate shall become

operator hereunder in the former's place.

3. Upon the affirmative vote of all the non-operators, the operator, the

operator shall be removed as operator in case of any one of the following(a) bankruptcy of the operator or its parent company;

(b) assignment for the benefit of the operator's creditors;

(c) appointment of a receiver or manager with respect to the whole or any

part of the property or assets of the operator;

(d) entitlement of any person other than an affiliate of the operator to

appoint a majority of the members of the board of directors of the operator by the

reason of any act, default or neglect of the operator;

(e) failure without justification by the operator to pay a sum due to or in

the name of the joint account for more than sixty (60) days;



(f) the operator's material breach of this Participation Agreement which

62



remains unremedied for more than thirty (30) days after the operator is notified

by non-operators of such breach; or

(g) reduction in the operator's participating interest to...............per cent

(........%) or less.

4. An operator may at any time resign as operator by giving to the other

parties notice in writing of such resignation. Such resignation shall be effective

one hundred-eighty (180) days after the date of notice thereof or on the date on

which a successor operator appointed by the parties (other than the operator)

shall be ready and able to assume the obligations of operator in accordance with

all the provisions of this Participation Agreement, whichever shall first occur.

5. Should an operator so resign or be removed, a successor operator shall

immediately be appointed by the operating committee. A party having been

removed as operator may not vote to succeed itself as operator. Such

appointment parties holding not less than the percentage figure of the remaining

participating interests set out in Article 4 (6). For the purpose of this Article,

operator includes any of its affiliates holding a participating interest in this

Participation Agreement.

6. Removal or resignation of an operator shall not in any way affect its

rights or obligations as non-operator party to this Agreement. On the effective

date of removal or resignation, the operator shall deliver to the successor operator

any and all funds, equipment, materials, appurtenances, books, records, data,

interpretations, information and rights acquired by and in the custody of the

operator for the joint account of the parties (including available petroleum not

delivered to the parties), shall, with the successor or operator, prepare an

inventory of joint property, adjusting the joint account accordingly, and shall cooperate as far as possible in effecting a smooth transfer of operating

responsibilities.

7. An operator that is removed under Article 3 (3) (g) hereof may charge

to the joint account all reasonable and necessary expenditure incurred in

demobilizing and repatriating personnel and equipment.

8. The operator shall have control of the petroleum operations in the

participation area and shall exclusive custody of all materials, equipment and

other property acquired therefor, and shall perform the duties under this

Participation Agreement diligently and in accordance with good international

petroleum industry practice, and sound and accepted engineering, management

and accounting principles.

63



The operator shall not be liable to any non-operator for any acts or

omissions, claims, damages, losses or expenses, in connection with or arising out

of this Participation Agreement or the contract or petroleum operations save

those caused by gross negligence or willful misconduct of the operator.

9. The operator shall(a) consult with non-operators and advise them of all matters arising from

the petroleum operations;

(b) comply with the decisions of the operating committee;

(c) keep the participating interests and all property acquired or used free

from liens, except for those authorized by Article 6 hereof; and

(d) pay the costs of the petroleum operations under this Participation

Agreement promptly and make proper charges to non-operators.

10. The operator shall submit a copy of an AFE to the non-operators for

each budget item of capital expenditure in the approved participation work

programme and budget that costs more than .................U.S. dollars (U.S

$............).

Where it is necessary to complete an expenditure in a budget item in the

approved participation work programme, the operator may exceed the budget for

the budget item by the lesser of ten per cent (10%) thereof or.................U.S.

$................) and shall report promptly such excess expenditure to the nonoperators.

The operator may spend not more than ......................U.S. dollars (U.S.

$.............) on petroleum operations in the participation area not included in an

approved participation work programme, provided that such expenditure shall

not be for items previously rejected by the operating committee. The operator

shall report promptly that expenditure to the non-operators and, if it is approved

in accordance with Article 4 (6), the operator may make further expenditure

thereon or on other items not exceeding U.S. dollars (U.S.$...........) in that year.

The limits in this Article 3(10) may be changed from time to time by the

operating committee.

In the case of emergency, the operator may make such immediate

expenditure and take such immediate action as may seem necessary for the

protection of life or property or the prevention of pollution and such emergency

64



expenditure shall be reported promptly to the parties by the operator.

11. A non-operator may inspect the participation area, the petroleum

operations, and the books, records and other information of the operator

pertaining thereto.

The operator shall supply to a non-operator by telephone, telefax,

telegraph or telex, daily reports on drilling and such other reports in writing

normally provided by an operator to a non-operator in the international petroleum

industry, including but not limited to reports on well tests and core analysis, and

copies of drilling logs, well surveys and velocity surveys. The operator shall

furnish any other information reasonably requested by non-operator, if such

information is readily available.

12. The operator shall obtain and maintain all insurance required by law

and such other insurance as the operating committee may time to time determine,

provided that, in respect of such other insurance, any party may elect not to

participate provided such party gives notice to that effect to the operator. The

cost of insurance in which all the parties are participating shall be for the joint

account and the cost of insurance in which less than all the parties are

participating shall be charges to such parties individually. The operator shall, in

respect of any insurance(a) promptly inform the parties participating therein when it is taken out

and supply them with copies of the relevant policies when the same are issued;

(b) arrange for the parties participating therein, according to their

respective participating interests, to be named as co-insureds on the relevant

policies with waiver of subrogation in favour of the parties; and

(c) duly file all claims and take all necessary and proper steps to collect

any proceeds and, if all the parties are participating therein, credit them to the

joint account or, if less than all the parties are participating therein, credit them to

the participating parties.

Subject as stipulated above, any of the parties may obtain such insurance

as it deems advisable for its own account at its own expense providing such

insurance is acceptable under the applicable law.

If the operator is unable to obtain such other insurance required by the

operating committee, it shall so advise the parties and thereafter, it shall be

discharged of its obligation to obtain such insurance.

65



The operator shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that all contractors

(including sub-contractors) performing work in respect of the petroleum

operations and the joint property obtain and maintain all insurance required by

the law and obtain from their insurers a waiver of subrogation in favour of the

parties.

13. The operator may prosecute, defend and settle claims and litigations

arising out of the petroleum operations and may compromise or settle such

claims or litigations which involve an amount not exceeding the equivalent of on

hundred thousand U.S. dollars (U.S. $100,000) without the approval of the

operating committee. Any claim or litigation involving an amount in excess of

the equivalent of one hundred thousand U.S. dollars (U.S. $100,000) shall be

reported promptly to the non-operators and a non-operator shall have the right to

be represented by its own counsel at its expense in the compromise, settlement or

defence of such claims or litigation.

14. The operator shall fulfil the reporting obligations of the Contractor

unless otherwise stipulated in this Participation Agreement and the Contract.



4. - OPERATING COMMITTEE AND WORK PROGRAMMES

1. The parties shall establish an operating committee to supervise and

control the petroleum operations. The operating committee shall consist of one

representative appointed by each of the Parties provided always that more than

one of the Parties may appoint the same representative who shall represent them

separately.

Each party shall, as soon as possible after the date of this Participation

Agreement, give notice to all the other parties of the name of its representative

and of an alternate on the operating committee. Such representative may be

replaced, from time to time, by like notice. Representatives may bring to

meetings of the operating committee such advisers as they consider necessary.

The representative of a Party or, in the absence of the representative, his

alternate, shall be deemed authorized to represent and bind such party with

respect to any matter which is within the powers of the operating committee.

The representative of the party which is the operator shall be the chairman of the

operating committee and shall report the proceedings.

2. Except as otherwise provided in this Participation Agreement the

powers and duties of the operating committee shall include(a) the consideration and determination of all matters relating to general

policies, procedures and methods of operation hereunder;

66



(b) the approval of any public announcement or statement regarding this

Participation Agreement or the petroleum operations;

(c) the consideration, revision and approval or disapproval, of all

proposed participation work programmes, budgets and AFE's prepared and

submitted to it pursuant to the provisions of this Participation Agreement;

(d) the determination of the timing and location of all wells drilled under

this Participation Agreement and any change in the use or status of a well;

(e) the determination of whether the operator will represent the parties

regarding any matters or dealings with the Minister, any other governmental

authorities or third parties in so far as the same relate to the petroleum operations,

provided that there is reserved to each party the unfettered right to deal with

Minister or any other government authorities in respect of matters relating to its

own participating interest; and

(f) the consideration and, if so required, the determination of any other

matter relating to the petroleum operations which may otherwise designated

under this Participation Agreement for reference to it.

3. The operator shall, when requested by a representative of any party,

call a meeting of the operating committee. The operator may do so at any time to

keep the parties informed on the petroleum operations.

4. A request to call a meeting of the operating committee shall state the

purpose of that meeting and, except in an emergency, the operator shall give the

parties at least fifteen (15) days' written notice with an agenda of the meeting, but

where a meeting is called in an emergency, the operator shall give as much notice

thereof as possible by telephone, telex or telegraph and except with the consent

of all the parties, the business of a meeting shall be only that for which it was

called.

5. The operator may, instead of calling a meeting, submit matters to the

parties by written notice, upon which each party may vote within the period

prescribed in the notice which shall not be less than three (3) days or more than

fifteen (15) days from the date notice is received. Failure of a party to vote

within the above time limits shall be deemed a negative vote.

6. Each party shall have a voting interest equal to its participating

interest. Unless otherwise provided in this Participation Agreement, all decisions

of the operating committee shall be made by the affirmative vote of al least two

(2) parties holding not less than ............per cent (.......%) of the participation

67



interests.

7. The operator shall, at least four (4) months before the end of each year,

submit to the parties for approval a participation work programme and budget,

which shall contain details of the petroleum operations to be carried out in the

next year and allocation of funds therefore including administrative overheads

and third party expenditure, in accordance with the accounting procedure

attached to this Participation Agreement as exhibit "A".

8. Unless unanimously agreed at least sixty (60) days prior to the

beginning of the year, the operator shall call a meeting of the operating

committee to discuss and approve a participation work programme and budget

for the ensuing year and such work programme and budget shall be approved not

later than thirty (30) days prior to the commencement of such year and the

decision of the operating committee shall bind the parties. Upon approval of

such work programme and budget the operator is hereby authorized and obliged

to proceed with it in accordance such approval.

9. Such approved participation work programme and budget may be

reviewed and revised from time to time by the operating committee. Any party

may in writing request a review of an approved participation work programme or

budget, or of a project within a programme, if that project costs more than

...............U.S. dollars (U.S. $.............), and the request shall state the objections

of the party, which shall be considered by the operating committee, who may

amend the participation work programme or budget.



5.- COST AND EXPENSES.

1. Except as otherwise specifically provided in the Contract and this

Participation Agreement, all costs and expenses incurred by the operator in the

conduct of operations hereunder shall be borne by the parties in proportion to

their respective Participating Interests set forth in Article 2.

2. All costs and expenses incurred by the operator in the conduct of

petroleum operations hereunder shall be determined and settled in accordance

with good internationally accepted accounting practice consistent with the

provisions of the Contract and its accounting procedure as complemented by the

provisions of exhibit "A" to this Participation Agreement, and the operator shall

keep its records of costs and expenses in accordance therewith.



6. PAYMENTS TO OPERATOR

1. A non-operator shall pay its share of an expenditure relating to the

68



petroleum operations, within fifteen (15) days of receipt of the account of the

operator.

2. The operator may, upon twenty (20) days' written notice, request a

non-operator to advance a share of the estimated expenditure for the following

month, stipulating the due date of payment, provided however that such due date

of payment shall not be before the first banking day of that month and the

operator shall include with such notice an estimate of the cash calls for the next

three (3) months. Operator's estimate of expenditure shall not exceed the

approved year's budget. The operator may, at any time upon fifteen (15) days'

written notice, request additional advances to cover unforeseen expenditure.

3. Cash requirements shall be specified by the operator in the currencies

required for the petroleum operations and the non-operators shall advance their

shares in the currencies so specified.

4. If any non-operator's advances for a given month exceed its share of

cash disbursements for the same month, the next succeeding cash advance, after

such determination, shall be reduced accordingly.

However, non-operator(s) may request that excess advances be refunded. The

operator shall make such refund within fifteen (15) days after date of such notice.

5. Where a party is in default of payment, the operator and the nondefaulting parties shall have, as security for amounts due hereunder from a

defaulting non-operator, a lien on the participating interest share, the interest in

material and equipment acquired for the petroleum operations and upon the

proceeds from the sale of petroleum, of that non-operator, and a non-operator

shall have for amounts due hereunder, a similar lien on the same interests and

property of the operator.

6. A lien may be exercised by a non-defaulting party by collecting the

amount due from a purchaser of petroleum and the statement of the operator of

the amount due shall be proof thereof.

7. A late payment shall attract interest at LIBOR plus...............per cent

(......%) or...........per cent (.......%), whichever is the greater, compounded

monthly and calculated from the due date of payment. A payment not received

within seventy-two (72) hours of the due date shall accrue interest from the due

date and the non-paying party shall be deemed to be in default from the due date

of the payment.

8. A party which remains in default for five (5) days shall have no right to

vote at any operating committee meeting held during the period of the default but

69



shall be bound by all decisions of the operating committee made during such

period, and the defaulting part's participating interest shall be deemed to be

vested pro-rata in the non-defaulting parties for voting purpose during the

continuation of the default.

9. Where a party fails to pay an amount required to be paid hereunder,

and remains in default for ninety (90) days, the participating interest share of the

defaulting party may be declared forfeit by the non-defaulting parties, unless the

amount due is an advance and the defaulting party provides an irrevocable letter

of credit or other security, acceptable to the operator, for the amount due.

10. When the participating interest share of a defaulting party is declared

forfeit, the operator shall give notice thereof to all the parties, and that share shall

vest rateably, unless otherwise agreed, in the non-defaulting parties without

payment of compensation and the defaulting party shall at its sole expense take

all steps necessary to vest that share accordingly, and the defaulting party hereby

appoints the operator to act as its attorney to execute any and all documents

required to effect such transfer. Notwithstanding the transfer of a defaulting

party's participating interest share in accordance with the foregoing, the

defaulting party shall remain liable for its proportionate share of the

commitments incurred before its rights lapsed.

11. Where a party is in default of payment, the remaining parties shall

advance the operator on demand a share of that payment, in proportion to the

participating interests of those parties. Any payments received from a defaulting

party shall be credited to the accounts of the non-defaulting parties who advanced

funds on behalf of the defaulting party.



7. - MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT

1. All material and equipment acquired by the operator for petroleum

operations hereunder shall be owned by the parties in undivided shares in the

proportion of their respective participating interests.

2. Except as may be otherwise approved by the operating committee, the

operator shall purchase for the joint account of the parties only such material and

equipment as are reasonably required in the conduct of operation provided for in

approved participation work programmes or revisions thereof, the operator shall

not stockpile material or equipment for future use without the approval of the

operating committee.

3. Jointly acquired material or equipment declared by operator to be

surplus shall be disposed of in such manner as the operating committee may

70



direct; or, if the book value thereof does not exceed.................U.S. dollars(U.S.

$...........), the operator shall dispose of same in such manner as the Operator shall

deem appropriate; provided, however, that each Party may, if practicable,

separately take or sell and dispose of its interest in such material or equipment or

may by notice in writing, and subject to revocation at will, authorize the operator,

for a period or periods of not more than one (1) year each, to sell such material

and equipment for the account of the party or parties giving such authorization.

Each party shall have the right to purchase, at the prevailing market price in the

area, material or equipment which operator has declared to be surplus and which

operator intends to dispose of on the open market.

4. Subject to the provision of clause 12 of the Contract, upon termination

of this Participation Agreement the operator shall salvage for the jointly-owned

material and equipment which can reasonably be salvaged, to be disposed of as

provided in Article 7 (3) hereof.



8. - RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTIES AND TAX PROVISIONS

1. The parties declare that it is not their intention by entering into this

Participation Agreement to create or be considered as a partnership or any other

similar entity.

2. Each party shall be responsible for and shall pay its own taxes to the

Kenyan authorities on its operations hereunder.

3. It is recognized that a party hereunder may be subject to the laws of its

place of incorporation in addition to the laws of Kenya. For United States

Federal income tax purposes, each of the parties hereto which is subject to

United States Income Tax laws ("U.S. Party") hereby elects to be excluded from

the application of all of the provisions of Sub-chapter "K", chapter 1, Sub-title

"A", of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as permitted and

authorized by Section 761 of that Code and the regulations promulgated

thereunder. Should there be any requirement that each U.S. Party evidence this

election, each U.S. Party agrees to execute such documents and furnish such

other evidence as may be required by the United States Federal Internal Revenue

Service. Upon the request of any U.S. Party, the Operator shall provide data

necessary for filing United States tax returns.



9. - SURRENDERS AND TRANSFERS

1. Any party desiring that all of the participation area be surrendered

voluntarily shall notify the other parties in writing accordingly, specifying its

71



reasons thereof, and thereafter:

(a) Each party shall within thirty (30) days after receipt of the notice

inform the other parties in like manner whether it concurs in or opposes the

proposed surrender;

(b) If all the parties concur in the proposed surrender, the participation

area shall be surrendered as soon as possible under the Contract;

(c) If one or more of the parties shall oppose the proposed surrender, the

party or parties desiring to surrender shall, upon request by the opposing parties,

transfer and convey without warranty of title-free and clear of all liens, charges

and encumbrances and without right to compensation, all of its or their interest(s)

in the participation area and material left thereon to said opposing party or

parties, each in the proportion that its or their participating interest(s) hereunder

bear to the sum of the participating interests of all the opposing parties, or as

otherwise agreed by the opposing parties. The transferring party or parties shall

bear(i) Its or their participating interest share(s) of costs,

expenses and liabilities incurred hereunder which are attributable

to the participation area for the period prior to the effective date

such transfer of interest;

(ii) Its or their participation interest share(s) of all costs

and expenses incurred by the operator after such date under any

contracts entered into by the operator in execution of a

participation work programme theretofore approved by the

operating committee; and

(iii) Its or their participating interest share(s) of any

accrued obligations under the contract which are not included

rights or other obligations in connection therewith.

(d) A transfer under paragraph (c) above shall be effective as among the

parties thirty (30) days after the opposing parties' receipt of the transferring

party's first mentioned notice proposing surrender. Thereafter until such transfer

has received whatever approvals may be necessary under the provisions of the

Contract or applicable law, the transferring Party or parties shall hold at most

legal, but not equitable, title to the interest (s) transferred for the benefit of the

opposing party or parties. The transferring party or parties receiving the

interest(s) transferred shall execute and deliver such documents and do such

other acts as may be necessary to give legal effect to such transfer, to obtain all

approvals thereof as may be required from the Minister, and otherwise to

72



effectuate the purpose of this paragraph.

(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the operating committee determines

that .................per cent (.............%) or more of the estimated, discovered and

recoverable reserves under the participation area have been produced, no party

shall be allowed to surrender or required transfer of interest in this Participation

Agreement and the Contract without the unanimous consent of all parties.

2. No transfer of any interest under this Participation Agreement and the

Contract shall be made by any party otherwise than in respect of an undivided

interest in all or part of its participating interest in this participation Agreement

and the Contract, and in accordance with the following provisions of this Article

9.

3. If any party shall receive a bona fide offer for the purchase of all or a

portion of an offeree party's participation interest in this Participation Agreement

and the participation area which the offeree party is willing to accept, the offeree

party shall give notice thereof in writing to the other parties:

(a) Such notice shall set forth the identity of the offeror, the terms and

conditions (including monetary and other considerations) offered in good faith,

and all other relevant particulars.

(b) For a period of thirty (30)m days next following the receipt of such

notice, the other parties shall have no option to purchase the entire interest

proposed to be sold on the same terms offered by the offeror, as set forth in the

respective offer.

(c) If more than one of the parties should exercise its right to purchase

said interest, each shall have the right to acquire such interest in the proportion

that the Participating Interest hereunder of such party bears to the sum of the

Participating interests of all the parties exercising such right except as they may

as they may otherwise agree.

(d) If within such a period of thirty (30) days, none of the other parties

shall exercise its rights to purchase said interest, the sale to said offeror may be

made under the terms and conditions set forth in the notice given; provided that

the sale shall be consummated within six (6) months from the date of such notice

and that the sale and any transfer shall be in accordance with the Contract and

applicable law.

(e) For the purpose of this paragraph, an offer to purchase shall also

include an acceptance of an entity's offer sell.

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4. The limitations of Article 9 (3) shall not apply to transfer of a

participating interest by a party to an affiliate of such party or by the Government

to an appointee, or from an appointee to another appointee, nor shall they apply

to a transfer of a participating interest effected as a result of merger,

consolidation, re-organization or sale of capital stock of the parent company of a

Party.

5. Every transfer of a participating interest in the participation area shall

be made expressly subject to this Participation Agreement and shall include a

corresponding interest in jointly acquired equipment and facilities. No transfer of

an interest hereunder shall be effective unless made by an instrument in writing

duly executed by the parties thereto in accordance with applicable law, and until

the same has received all consents required under this Participation Agreement

and the Contract. A transfer shall provide that the transferor remains liable for

obligations incurred before the date of transfer and such obligations shall in

addition become the obligations of the transferee. Where after the transfer, the

transferee or transferor owns a participating interest of less than five per cent

(5%), they shall be jointly represented.

6. A transfer other than an affiliate on an appointee shall be of sufficient

financial standing to meet its participating interest share of its obligations under

the Contract and this Participation Agreement. In the event of a transfer of a

participating interest to an affiliate of a party the transferor party shall remain

responsible for the full performance by the affiliate of the obligations undertaken

by said party under this Participation Agreement and the Contract, and if such

affiliate ceases to be an affiliate, the participating interest shall be transferred

back to the party.

7. In this Article, transfer means a transfer, assignment, sale or other

disposal of the interest of a party.



10. DISPOSAL OF PRODUCTION

1. Each party shall separately own, take in kind and dispose of its

participating interest share of that portion of the petroleum produced and saved

from the participation area to which the Contractor is entitled under clause 27 of

the Contract.



2. Within six (6) months following the signing of this Participation

Agreement, the parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Contract

74



and in light of the gathering and transportation facilities available under the

adopted development plan, in good faith establish set of rules governing the

scheduling, lifting and other necessary provisions for the crude oil offtakes of the

parties, consistent with good international petroleum industry practice, which

shall provide, among other things, such detailed terms and procedures as required

for(a) short-term production forecasts;

(b) nomination and calculation of entitlements;

(c) scheduling of deliveries;

(d) lifting tolerances;

(e) underlift, overlift and make-up provisions;

(f) passage of title and risk;

(g) penalties assessable to the Parties which cause shut-in or reductions of

production; and

(h) other related matters.

Whatever is mutually agreed by the Parties shall be deemed to form part

of this Participation Agreement.

The above terms and procedures shall apply separately to each grade of

crude oil that is segregated and separately stored for offtake.

3. The Government may request from time to time that the Contractor

purchase all or part of the Government's participating interest share of crude oil.

The Contractor shall use its best efforts to comply with this request but in the

event that the Contractor is not able to take such crude oil, then the Contractor

will assist the Government in good faith to market such crude oil at the best

price, terms and conditions available in the international market for the sale of

such crude oil.

4. In the event of production of associated natural gas or of any discovery

of natural gas, the parties shall agree upon appropriate procedures for disposal of

any natural gas available under this Participation Agreement and the Contract.



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11. SOLE RISK OPERATIONS

1. Any party may undertake petroleum operations at sole risk (hereinafter

referred to as "sole risk project") in a participation area, subject to the provisions

of this Article.

2. The following types of sole risk project may be proposed(a) the drilling of a well or the deepening, side-tracking, completing,

plugging back, testing or reworking of an existing well drilled for the joint

account of the parties, in order to test a formation in which no jointly-owned well

has been completed as a well producing or capable of producing petroleum;

(b) the installation of production and transportation facilities.

3. The conduct of a project in a development area may not be the subject

of a sole risk notice under this Article until after it has been proposed in complete

form to the operating committee for consideration pursuant to Article 4 hereof

and has not been approved within the period therein provided.

In the event that such project fails to obtain the requisite approval of the

operating committee, then any party may serve notice on the other parties of its

intention to carry out that project at sole risk. The other parties may give

counter-notice that they wish to participate in the project within sixty (60) days

after receipt thereof but, where a drilling rig is on the location and has not been

released, the period is reduced to seventy-two (72) hours after receipt thereof.

The periods set forth in this Article 11 (3) shall be extended for any period of

time mutually agreed by the parties as necessary or desirable for acquiring or

developing additional information on the sole risk project.



4. If all the other parties elect to participate in the project identified in the

proposing party's notice within the period thereof provided, such project is

considered as being approved by the operating committee and the provisions of

Article 4 (8) of this Participation Agreement shall apply.

5. In the event that less than all the parties elect to participate in the

project, the parties which elected to participate (hereafter referred to as "sole risk

parties") shall be entitled to have the sole risk project carried out.



The interest of each sole risk party in a sole risk project shall be in

proportion to its participation interest in this Participation Agreement, or in such

76



other proportion as the sole risk parties may agree. Any sole risk project shall be

carried out at the sole risk, cost and expense of the sole risk parties in the

proportion of their respective interests.

6. A sole risk project will be carried out by the operator on behalf of the

sole risk parties under the provisions of this participation agreement. No sole

risk project may be commenced after one hundred and eighty (180) days

following the expiration of the notice period prescribed in Article 11 (3), but the

operator shall commence work as promptly as reasonably possible if the notice

period of seventy two (72) hours, set forth in Article 11 (3), applies. The

operator shall complete the sole risk project with due diligence provided that it

does not jeopardize, hinder or unreasonably interfere with petroleum operations

carried out under the Contract and adopted by the operating committee pursuant

to Article 4 of this Participation Agreement.

The sole risk parties may use for the sole risk project any production,

handling, processing and/or transporting facilities, which are joint property,

subject to a determination by the operating committee as to usage fees,

availability of capacity and production compatibility.

7. In connection with any sole risk project(a) the sole risk project will be carried out under the overall supervision

and control of the sole risk parties in lieu of the operating committee;

(b) the computation of costs and expenses of the sole risk project incurred

by the sole risk parties shall be made in accordance with the principles set out in

exhibit"A" attached hereto;

(c) the operator carrying out the sole risk project shall maintain separate

books, records and accounts (including bank accounts) for the sole risk project

which shall be subject to the same right of examination and audit by the sole risk

parties;

(d) the costs and expenses of the sole risk project shall not be reflected in

the statements and billing rendered by the operator for petroleum operations

under the Participation Agreement; and

(e) if the operator is carrying out a sole risk project on behalf of the sole

risk parties, the operator shall be entitled to request the sole risk parties in

connection with the sole risk project to advance their share of the estimated

expenditure and shall not use joint account funds or be required to use its own

funds for the purpose of paying the costs and expenses of the sole risk project;

77



furthermore the operator shall not be obliged to commence or, having

commenced, to continue the sole risk project unless and until relevant advances

have been received from the sole risk parties.

8. The sole risk parties shall indemnify and hold harmless the other

parties against all actions, claims, demands and proceedings whatsoever brought

by any third party arising out or in connection with the sole risk project and shall

further indemnify the other parties against all damages, costs, losses and

expenses whatsoever directly or indirectly caused to or incurred by them as a

result of anything done or omitted to be done in the course of carrying out such

sole risk project.

9. Subject to the provision of Article 11 (10) below, the sole risk project,

including data and information, is wholly owned by the sole risk parties in

accordance with the provisions of the Contract, but the sole risk parties shall

keep the other parties informed about the project.

In the event that such project results in an increase of production of

petroleum from the participation area, the portion of such increase, which is

available to the Contractor, shall be owned solely by the sole risk parties. Each

of them shall have the right and obligation to take in kind, and separately dispose

of its proportional share of supplementary petroleum production.

10. Any party or parties which are not participating in the sole risk project

may, by giving thirty (30) days' notice to the sole risk parties, become

participants in such project, at any time after the sole risk parties have recovered

from the supplementary petroleum production the following sums of money to

which they are entitled on the project:

In the case of a project under Article 11 (2) (a) hereof........per cent

(........%) of the Sole Risk cost of such project, plus one hundred per cent (100%)

of the cost of operating such well incurred by the Sole Risk Parties.

In the case of a project under Article 11 (2)(b) hereof..........per

cent(.......%) of the Sole Risk cost of such project, plus one hundred per cent

(100%) of the cost of operating such facilities.

The value of the supplementary production to which a Sole Risk Party is

entitle shall be the market value in sales at arm's length, determined in

accordance with clause 26 of the Contract.

From and after the election of any party or parties to become participants

in such project, all relevant wells, facilities, equipment and other property

78



appurtenant thereto shall be owned jointly by the participating parties and each of

the participating parties shall be entitled to receive its proportional share of the

supplementary petroleum production.



12. CONFIDENTIALITY

1. All information related to the petroleum operations shall be

confidential and shall not be disclosed to a person other than a party except to(a) an affiliate;

(b) the Government and other public authorities to the extent necessary

for the purpose of any applicable law;

(c) a stock exchange to which a party is obliged to make disclosure;

(d) contractors, consultants, legal counsels or arbitrators of a Party, where

disclosure is essential;

(e) a bona fide prospective purchaser of an interest of a Party in the

Contract, but that purchaser shall undertake to treat that information as

confidential;

(f) a lender, where disclosure is essential; or

(g) a person to whom disclosure has been agreed by the Parties .

2. A party making a disclosure to a person described in paragraph(1)(e) or

(f) shall give ten (10) days' written notice thereof to the other parties.

3. The parties shall consult with each other prior to the release of any

public statement or press release, and except to the extent required by law, rule or

regulation of any government authority or stock exchange, no party shall make

any public statement or press release without the approval of all the other parties,

which shall not be unreasonably withheld. The operator shall utilize its best

efforts to co-ordinate all such public statements to the end that all Parties may

effect simultaneous press releases.

4. The obligations of the parties under this Article 12 are continuing

obligations and any party ceasing to be a party to this Agreement shall remain

bound by this Article until this Agreement is no longer in force between any

remaining parties and the Contract has expired.



13. LIABILITY

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1. The parties shall be severally liable in accordance with their respective

participating interest to third parties.

2. Where the Government has nominated an Appointee, as defined in

clause 28 (1) of the Contract, and the appointee defaults the Government shall be

liable.

3. If because of the operation of the joint and several liability provisions

contained in the Contract, anyone of the Parties hereto shall be required to pay in

full to the Government or any other party, any sum which, if the liability were

several, would be required separately from each of the Parties or from one other

party only, then the Party(ies) shall notify forthwith and request immediate

payment of the Party's(ies') proportionate share according to its Participating

interest. If within ten (10) days from receipt of said notice, the other Party(ies)

shall fail to make payment as provided above such Party (ies) shall be in default

and the provisions of Article 6 above shall apply, this being without prejudice to

any other legal remedies available to the non-defaulting Party(ies) against the

defaulting Party(ies).



14. GOVERNING LAW

This Participation Agreement shall be governed by and be construed in

accordance with the laws of Kenya.



15. ARBITRATION

A dispute under this Participation Agreement shall be referred to

arbitration in accordance with clause 41 of the Contract.



16. FORCE MAJEURE

1. In this Article 16, force majeure means an occurrence beyond the

reasonable control of any of the parties which prevents any of them from

performing their obligations under this Participation Agreement.

2. Where a party is prevented from performing an obligation under this

Participation Agreement by force majeure, that party shall give written notice to

the other Parties, and the obligation of the affected Party shall be suspended for

the period of the force majeure.

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3. The affected party shall promptly notify the other parties when the

period of force majeure terminates.

4. No Party may claim force majeure as a reason for the failure to timely

pay any monies pursuant to this Participation Agreement.

5. Where any Party disputes the existence of force majeure, that dispute

may be referred to arbitration as provided in clause 44 of the Contract.



17. NOTICES

1. All notices and other communications provided for in this Participation

Agreement shall be made in writing and shall be delivered by hand or sent by

registered airmail, as appropriate, return receipt requested, or by telegram or telex

(with confirmation by mail) to the Parties at the following addresses:

To Minister :

Permanent Secretary,

Ministry of Energy and Regional Development,

P.O. Box 30582,

Nairobi,

Kenya.

Telex : 23094 MINERGY.

To :

2. Notices given by registered airmail shall be deemed received on the

date shown on the return receipt. Notices given by telegram or telex shall be

presumed received on the working day at the place of receipt next following the

time of transmission.

3. Any party may at any time and from time to time change its authorized

representative or its address herein on giving the other Parties ten (10) days

notice in writing to such effect.



18. TERM

1. This Participation Agreement shall come into force on the participation

date and shall remain inn force until81



(a) it is terminated by the written consent of all the parties;

(b) all the Participating interests are vested in one Party; or

(c) the expiration or termination of the Contract.

2. Before this Participation Agreement is terminated, there shall be a final

accounting and settlement of the Joint Account.



19. FINAL PROVISIONS

1. Headings are inserted in this Participation Agreement for convenience

and shall not affect the construction for interpretation hereof.

2. This Participation Agreement shall not be amended, modified or

supplemented except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties.

3. Subject to the provisions hereof, this Participation Agreement shall

insure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assignees of the

parties hereto and each of them respectively.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have signed this

Participation Agreement on the day and year first above written.



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EXHIBIT "A"

ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE

Attached to and made a part of the Participation Agreement.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1 - General Provisions

1.1 - Interpretation

1.2 - Statements, billings and adjustments

1.3 - Advances and payments

1.4 – Audits



SECTION 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

The purpose of this accounting procedure is to establish equitable

methods for determining charges and credits applicable to operations under the

Agreement.

It is the intent of the Parties that no Party shall lose or profit by reason of

its duties and responsibilities as either operator or as non-operator and that no

duplicate charges to the joint account for the same work shall be made.

The parties agree that if any procedure established herein proves unfair or

inequitable to any party, the parties shall meet and in good faith endeavour to

agree on the changes necessary to correct that unfairness or inequity.



1.1. - INTERPRETATION

1.1.1. In this Exhibit(i) "the Agreement" means the Participation Agreement of

which this Exhibit forms part,

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(ii)"the Contract" means the production sharing contract

to which the Agreement is attached

(iii) words and expressions defined in the Agreement, the

Contract and its appendices have the meanings therein ascribed to

them.

1.1.2. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the

Agreement and this exhibit, the provisions of the Agreement shall prevail.

1.1.3. By mutual agreement between the parties, this accounting

procedure attached to the Agreement may be revised from time to time by an

instrument in writing signed by the parties.



1.2. - STATEMENTS, BILLINGS AND ADJUSTMENTS

1.2.1. The operator shall maintain financial accounts necessary to record

in reasonable details the transactions relating to petroleum operations under the

Agreement which shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted

standards of the international petroleum industry. The operator shall upon

request by the Party furnish a description of its accounting classifications.

1.2.2. Each party to the Agreement is responsible for preparing its own

accounting and tax reports and paying of its own tax obligations to meet Kenyan

requirements. The operator shall furnish the non-operator(s) with all reports,

statements, billings and accounting documents necessary to maintain their own

accounting records.

1.2.3. The operator shall bill the non-operator(s) on or before the last day

of each month for their proportionate share of expenditure for the preceding

month. Such billings shall be accompanied by statements of all charges and

credits to the joint account, summarized in reasonable detail by appropriate

accounting classifications indicative of the nature thereof, except that items of

controllable material and unusual charges and credits shall be detailed.

1.2.4. The operator shall, upon request by non-operator(s) furnish a

description of such accounting classifications.

1.2.5. Amounts included in the billings shall be expressed in the currency

in which the operator's records are maintained. In the conversion of currencies

when accounting for advances or payments in different currencies as provided for

84



in sub-section 1.3., or any other currency transactions affecting operations under

the Agreement, it is the intent that none of the parties shall experience an

exchange gain or loss at the expense of, or to the benefit of, the other Parties. It is

agreed that any loss or gain to the joint account resulting from the exchange of

currency required for operations under the Agreement or from the translations

required, shall be charged or credited to the joint account. The operator shall

furnish the parties with a description of the procedure applied by the operator to

accomplish said translation or exchange of currencies and provide currency

exchange data sufficient to enable non-operator(s) to translate the billings to the

currency of the non-operator(s) accounts.

1.2.6. Payment of billings by non-operator(s) shall not prejudice the right

of any non-operator(s) to protest or question the correctness thereof; however, all

bills and statements rendered to non-operator(s) by the operator during any year

shall conclusively be presumed to be true and correct after twenty-four (24)

months following the end of any such year, unless within the said twenty-four

(24) month period a non-operator takes written exception thereto and makes

claim on the operator shall be made unless it is made within the same prescribed

period. The provisions of this Sub-section shall not prevent adjustment resulting

from a physical inventory or the joint property or from a third party claim.



1.3. - ADVANCES AND PAYMENT

1.3.1. If operator so requests, non-operator(s) shall advance to the

operator the non-operator(s)' share of estimated cash requirements for the

succeeding month's operation in accordance with Article 6 of the Agreement.

Operator shall make written request for the advance to non-operator(s) at least

twenty (20) days prior to the first banking day of such succeeding month. The

advance shall not be due and payable before the first banking day of the month

for which the advance is requested. The request shall set out the funds in the

currencies to be expended as estimated by the operator to be required. The nonoperator(s) shall on or before the due date make corresponding advances in the

currencies requested by depositing such funds to operator's account at a bank as

may be from time to time designated by the operator.

1.3.2. Should the operator be requested to pay any large sums of money

for operations under the Agreement, which were unforeseen at the time of

providing the non-operator(s) with said monthly estimates of its requirements,

the operator may make a written request of the non-operator(s) for special

advances covering the non-operators' share of such payments. Non-operator(s)

shall advance to operator their share of such advances within fifteen (15) days

after date of such notice.

85



1.3.3. If non-operators' advances exceed their share of actual expenditure,

the next succeeding cash advance, after such determination, shall be reduced

accordingly. However, non-operator(s) may request that excess advances be

refunded. The operator shall make such refund with fifteen (15) days after date

of such notice.

1.3.4. If non-operators' advances are less than their share of actual

expenditure, the deficiency shall, at operator's option, be added to subsequent

cash advance requirements or be paid by non-operator's within fifteen (15) days

following operator's billing to non-operator(s) of such deficiency.

1.3.5. If the operator does not request non-operator(s) as provided in subpart 1.3.1., to advance their share of estimated cash requirements, non-operator(s)

shall pay their share of actual expenditure within fifteen (15) days following date

of operator's billing.

1.3.6. Payments of advances or billings shall be made on or before the

due date; and if not so paid, the unpaid balance shall be treated as provided under

Article 6 of the Agreement.



1.4. - AUDITS

1.4.1. A non-operator, upon at least thirty (30) days' advance written

notice to the operator and other non-operator(s), shall have the right at its sole

expenses to audit the joint account and related records for any year or portion

thereof within the twenty-four (24) month period following the end of such year;

however, the conducting of an audit shall not extend the time for the taking of

written exception to and the adjustment of accounts as provided for in sub-part

1.2.5. The operator shall make every reasonable effort to co-operate with the

non-operators, and the non-operators shall make every reasonable effort to

conduct audits in a manner which will result in a minimum of inconvenience to

the operator.

1.4.2. All adjustments resulting from an audit agreed between the

operator and the non-operator conducting the audit shall be rectified promptly in

the joint account by the operator and reported to the other non-operator. Any

unresolved dispute arising in connection with an audit shall be referred to

arbitration in accordance with Article 15 of the Agreement.

1.4.3. Except as otherwise provided in the Contract, the cost of any audit

or verification of the joint account that is for the benefit of all parties shall be

chargeable to the joint account if the parties mutually agree.

86



SECTION 2

CHARGEABLE COSTS, EXPENDITURE AND CREDITS

The operator shall charge the joint account for all those costs and

expenditure necessary to conduct petroleum operations under the agreement

pursuant to the provisions of sub-parts 2.12. inclusive of appendix "B" to the

Contract.

The operator shall credit the joint account for all the proceeds resulting

from petroleum operations under the Agreement pursuant to the provisions of

sub-part 2.31. of appendix "B" to the Contract.



87